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Therefore, the ability of CD8 T cells to recognize multiple versions of a single epitope could be important for an effective vaccine. Here, we show that two previously tested vaccines induced a similar level of CD8 cross-reactivity to that seen in acute HIV-1 infection. Although this cross-reactivity did not seem to affect viral control in vaccine recipients who became infected, we identified several ways in which CD8 cross-reactivity appeared to influence HIV-1 viral evolution. First, we saw that strains isolated from infected vaccine recipients would likely be poorly cross-recognized by the vaccine-induced response. Second, we saw that adapted CD8 epitopes were poorly cross-recognized in both vaccination and infection. Collectively, we believe these results show that CD8 cross-reactivity could be an important consideration in future HIV-1 vaccine design.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01632-19","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,18]],"date-time":"2019-10-18T13:31:56Z","timestamp":1571405516000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Cross-Reactive CD8 T-Cell Responses Elicited by Adenovirus Type 5-Based HIV-1 Vaccines Contributed to Early Viral Evolution in Vaccine Recipients Who Became Infected"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"94","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1525-0523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sushma","family":"Boppana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7627-2166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Fiore-Gartland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8142-0386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anju","family":"Bansal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Goepfert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0908492"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit322"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix086"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2316"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz368"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.11.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2342"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.10.6130"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.08.093"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001122"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02361-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32835e1616"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.4100"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-02-206557"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3187"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61592-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1310566"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0185959"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btx168"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1003973"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61591-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20090378"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-61779-937-2_25"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3282f13823"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","volume-title":"HIV sequence compendium","author":"Foley B","year":"2018","unstructured":"Foley B, Leitner T, Apetrei C, Hahn B, Mizrachi I, Mullins J, Rambaut A, Wolinsky S, Korber B. 2018. 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