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Despite its clinical needs, no approved antiviral therapies are available. Since the discovery of HuNoV in 1972, studies on anti-norovirals, mechanism of HuNoV infection, viral inactivation, etc., have been hampered by the lack of a robust laboratory-based cultivation system for HuNoV. A recent breakthrough in the development of HuNoV cultivation systems has opened opportunities for researchers to investigate HuNoV biology in the context of\n                      <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic>\n                      HuNoV infections. A tissue stem cell-derived human intestinal organoid\/enteroid (HIO) culture system is one of those that supports HuNoV replication reproducibly and, to our knowledge, is most widely distributed to laboratories worldwide to study HuNoV and develop therapeutic strategies. This review summarizes recently developed HuNoV cultivation systems, including HIO, and their use in antiviral studies.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01663-23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,17]],"date-time":"2024-03-17T13:23:52Z","timestamp":1710681832000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Human norovirus cultivation systems and their use in antiviral research"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"98","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3158-673X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tsuyoshi","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sakura","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junki","family":"Hirano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Virus Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1712-7433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kosuke","family":"Murakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Center for Emergency Preparedness and Response, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","unstructured":"CDC. 2023. 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