{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T13:16:16Z","timestamp":1785417376364,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776729600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009696","name":"Minjiang University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MJDH25002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MJDH25002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009696","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Fashu foundation","award":["MFK25029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MFK25029"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005270","name":"Fujian Provincial Department of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Science and Technology Commissioner Program 2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Science and Technology Commissioner Program 2025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005270","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Decapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV1), the first isolated species of the genus\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Decapodiridovirus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (family\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Iridoviridae<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), is a major pathogen threatening farmed decapods, causing large-scale disease outbreaks and high mortality. However, the mechanisms underlying its cellular entry remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated DIV1 internalization using hematopoietic tissue cells of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Cherax quadricarinatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Pharmacological inhibition assays showed that (i) clathrin-dependent endocytosis inhibitors (pitstop 2, chlorpromazine) failed to suppress DIV1 infection, excluding clathrin-mediated entry; (ii) cellular cholesterol disrupted with methyl-\u03b2-cyclodextrin or nystatin significantly inhibited infection, and this effect was reversed by cholesterol replenishment; and (iii) caveolar inhibitors (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, genistein, wortmannin) and organelle pH neutralizers (NH\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      Cl, bafilomycin A1) effectively blocked DIV1 invasion. Fluorescence co-localization and pull-down assays confirmed that DIV1 associates with caveolin-1 during internalization. Additionally, DIV1 entry relies on dynamin and the microtubule cytoskeleton, and post-internalization trafficking of the virus targeted the Golgi apparatus. Collectively, DIV1 enters hematopoietic\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. quadricarinatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      cells via caveola-mediated endocytosis, a process dependent on cholesterol, dynamin, and microtubule cytoskeleton, with subsequent trafficking to the Golgi apparatus.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        Elucidating viral entry mechanisms into target cells is fundamental for developing effective antiviral strategies. This study reveals that DIV1, a major threat to decapod aquaculture, utilizes caveola-mediated endocytosis to invade hematopoietic tissue cells of\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Cherax quadricarinatus<\/jats:italic>\n                        . This entry process is dependent on membrane cholesterol, dynamin activity, microtubule-based trafficking, and a pH-responsive Golgi environment. These findings fill a critical knowledge gap in\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Betairidovirinae<\/jats:italic>\n                        entry biology, distinguish DIV1 from other iridovirids and decapod pathogens (e.g., white spot syndrome virus), and identify key host-derived targets. This work thereby enables the development of targeted antiviral interventions to safeguard decapod aquaculture.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01681-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T13:02:45Z","timestamp":1774875765000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Decapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV1) enters hematopoietic\n                    <i>Cherax quadricarinatus<\/i>\n                    cells via caveola-mediated endocytosis in a pH-dependent manner"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"100","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0001-4050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qin","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00s7tkw17","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00s7tkw17","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Furong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00s7tkw17","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junhao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00s7tkw17","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3709-8040","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jianming","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00s7tkw17","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Fuzhou Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University","place":["Fuzhou, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.19.8655"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35074539"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2007.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.82808-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/17.16.4585"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.000818"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01744-14"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep18696"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.01206"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-018-3966-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01500-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.06947-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21134722"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.000904"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-017-3642-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-10738-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3354\/dao03007"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v11040387"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v11040354"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2021.107699"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2021.100306"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00024-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cmdc.202400253"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2022.198967"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2005.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2011.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.78.5.2310-2318.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1529\/biophysj.104.044883"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0854.2002.30501.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200302028"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.7.11.1825"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.apcsb.2015.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.00840"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.21.11583-11590.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.141.1.101"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2006.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01557-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.3.1581-1594.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00873-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep28694"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1069784"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-1222-9_2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.141.1.85"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/19.16.4272"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.127.4.915"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.140.3.553"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2004.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.00327"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.110120"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v14030496"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01345-21"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/biot.202100320"}],"container-title":["Journal of Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/jvi.01681-25","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/jvi.01681-25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T13:04:25Z","timestamp":1776776665000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/jvi.01681-25"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Monique M.","family":"van Oers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/jvi.01681-25"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jvi.01681-25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-538X","1098-5514"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-538X","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5514","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-01","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e01681-25"}}