{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T18:18:48Z","timestamp":1791397128238,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,1]],"date-time":"2011-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1304208000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous herpesvirus that infects more than 90% of the world's adult population and is linked to multiple malignancies, including Burkitt lymphoma, Hodgkin disease, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The EBV oncoprotein LMP1 induces transcription of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is expressed at high levels in NPC. EGFR transcription is induced by LMP1 through a p50 NF\u03baB1-Bcl-3 complex, and Bcl-3 is induced by LMP1-mediated activation of STAT3. This study reveals that LMP1, through its carboxyl-terminal activation domain 1 (LMP1-CTAR1), activates both STAT3 and EGFR in a serum-independent manner with constitutive serine phosphorylation of STAT3. Upon treatment with EGF, the LMP1-CTAR1-induced EGFR was additionally phosphorylated and STAT3 became phosphorylated on tyrosine, concomitant with upregulation of a subset of STAT3 target genes. The kinase responsible for LMP1-CTAR1-mediated serine phosphorylation of STAT3 was identified to be PKC\u03b4 using specific RNAi, a dominant negative PKC\u03b4, and the PKC\u03b4 inhibitor rottlerin. Interestingly, inhibition of PKC\u03b4 also inhibited constitutive phosphorylation of EGFR and LMP1-CTAR1-induced phosphorylation of ERK. Inhibition of PKC\u03b4 blocked LMP1-CTAR1-mediated transformation of Rat-1 cells, likely through the inhibition of ERK activation. These findings indicate that LMP1 activates multiple distinct signaling pathways and suggest that PKC\u03b4 functions as a master regulator of EGFR, STAT3, and ERK activation by LMP1-CTAR1.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01703-10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,10]],"date-time":"2011-02-10T03:11:32Z","timestamp":1297307492000},"page":"4399-4408","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":142,"title":["Epstein-Barr Virus LMP1 Activates EGFR, STAT3, and ERK through Effects on PKC\u03b4"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Che-Pei","family":"Kung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr.","given":"David 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