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To approach the goal, here we first assessed a urease-deficient bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) for improvement of immunogenicity against both\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:named-content>\n            and SIV. Second, we demonstrated the usefulness of Asian-origin cynomolgus monkeys for development of a preclinical AIDS vaccine by direct comparison with Indian rhesus macaques as the only validated hosts that identically mirror the outcomes of clinical trials, since the availability of Indian rhesus macaques is limited in countries other than the United States. Finally, we report the protective effect of a vaccination regimen comprising BCG, the highly attenuated vaccinia virus LC16m8\u0394 strain, and nontransmissible Sendai virus as safe vectors expressing SIV genes using repeated mucosal challenge with highly pathogenic SIVmac251. Identification of CD8\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T cells as a protective immunity suggests a future direction of AIDS vaccine development.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01718-20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,22]],"date-time":"2020-10-22T14:20:23Z","timestamp":1603376423000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["CD8 T Cells Show Protection against Highly Pathogenic Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) after Vaccination with SIV Gene-Expressing BCG Prime and Vaccinia Virus\/Sendai Virus Vector Boosts"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Seiichi","family":"Kato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Japan"},{"name":"Research &amp; Development Department, Japan BCG Laboratory, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hisatoshi","family":"Shida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan"},{"name":"Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomotaka","family":"Okamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xianfeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomoyuki","family":"Miura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tetsu","family":"Mukai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ID Pharma Co., Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsugumine","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ID Pharma Co., Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taeko K.","family":"Naruse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akinori","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasuhiro","family":"Yasutomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2329-887X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Matsuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research &amp; Development Department, Japan BCG Laboratory, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","volume-title":"UNAIDS Data 2019","author":"UNAIDS","year":"2019","unstructured":"UNAIDS. 2019. 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