{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T00:21:52Z","timestamp":1776039712029,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,15]],"date-time":"2009-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1260835200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    A productive CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T-cell response to a viral infection requires rapid division and proliferation of virus-specific CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells. Tetramer-based enrichment assays have recently given estimates of the numbers of peptide-major histocompatibility complex-specific CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells in nai\u0308ve mice, but precursor frequencies for entire viruses have been examined only by using in vitro limiting-dilution assays (LDAs). To examine CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T-cell precursor frequencies for whole viruses, we developed an in vivo LDA and found frequencies of nai\u0308ve CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T-cell precursors of 1 in 1,444 for vaccinia virus (VV) (\u223c13,850 VV-specific CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells per mouse) and 1 in 2,958 for lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) (\u223c6,761 LCMV-specific CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells per mouse) in C57BL\/6J mice. In mice immune to VV, the number of VV-specific precursors, not surprisingly, dramatically increased to 1 in 13 (\u223c1,538,462 VV-specific CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells per mouse), consistent with estimates of VV-specific memory T cells. In contrast, precursor numbers for LCMV did not increase in VV-immune mice (1 in 4,562, with \u223c4,384 LCMV-specific CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells per VV-immune mouse). Using H-2D\n                    <jats:sup>b<\/jats:sup>\n                    -restricted LCMV GP33-specific P14-transgenic T cells, we found that, after donor T-cell take was accounted for, approximately every T cell transferred underwent a full proliferative expansion in response to LCMV infection. This high efficiency was also seen with memory populations, suggesting that most antigen-specific T cells will proliferate extensively at a limiting dilution in response to infections. These results show that frequencies of nai\u0308ve and memory CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cell precursors for whole viruses can be remarkably high.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01722-09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,7]],"date-time":"2009-10-07T20:46:13Z","timestamp":1254948373000},"page":"12907-12916","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["High Frequencies of Virus-Specific CD8\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    T-Cell Precursors"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Mina O.","family":"Seedhom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Program in Immunology and Virology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Evan R.","family":"Jellison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Program in Immunology and Virology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keith A.","family":"Daniels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Program in Immunology and Virology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raymond M.","family":"Welsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Program in Immunology and Virology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth949"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20001021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.79.2037.38"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80599-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.11.5782"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200535539"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/334395a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2007.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5212","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.9.5212","volume":"162","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gudmundsdottir, H., A. 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