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In general, the gp120 region of these clones was shorter (most evident in V1 and V4) and less glycosylated compared to newly transmitted subtype B viruses, and it was underglycosylated but no different in length compared to chronic subtype C viruses. The gp120s also exhibited low amino acid sequence variability (12%) in V3 and high variability (39%) immediately downstream of V3, a feature shared with newly transmitted subtype B viruses and chronic viruses of both subtypes. When tested as Env-pseudotyped viruses in a luciferase reporter gene assay, all clones possessed an R5 phenotype and resembled primary isolates in their sensitivity to neutralization by HIV-1-positive plasmas. Results obtained with a multisubtype plasma panel suggested partial subtype preference in the neutralizing antibody response to infection. The clones were typical of subtype C in that all were resistant to 2G12 (associated with loss of N-glycosylation at position 295) and most were resistant to 2F5, but all were sensitive to 4E10 and many were sensitive to immunoglobulin G1b12. Finally, conserved neutralization epitopes in the CD4-induced coreceptor binding domain of gp120 were poorly accessible and were difficult to induce and stabilize with soluble CD4 on Env-pseudotyped viruses. These results illustrate key genetic and antigenic properties of subtype C HIV-1 that might impact the design and testing of candidate vaccines. A subset of these gp160 clones are suitable for use as reference reagents to facilitate standardized assessments of vaccine-elicited neutralizing antibody responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01730-06","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,13]],"date-time":"2006-11-13T19:03:38Z","timestamp":1163444618000},"page":"11776-11790","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":324,"title":["Genetic and Neutralization Properties of Subtype C Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Molecular\n            <i>env<\/i>\n            Clones from Acute and Early Heterosexually Acquired Infections in Southern Africa"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Ming","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Surgery"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesus 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