{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T14:07:12Z","timestamp":1761919632052},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,15]],"date-time":"2012-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1355529600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The orthopoxvirus (OPV) vaccinia virus (VACV) requires an intact\n            <jats:italic>F13L<\/jats:italic>\n            gene to produce enveloped virions (EV) and to form plaques in cell monolayers. Simultaneous introduction of an exogenous gene and\n            <jats:italic>F13L<\/jats:italic>\n            into\n            <jats:italic>F13L<\/jats:italic>\n            -deficient VACV results in expression of the foreign gene and restoration of plaque size. This is used as a method to rapidly generate VACV recombinants without the need for drug selection. However, whether other OPVs require the orthologs of\n            <jats:italic>F13L<\/jats:italic>\n            to generate EV and form plaques, whether\n            <jats:italic>F13L<\/jats:italic>\n            orthologs and EV are important for OPV pathogenesis in natural hosts, and whether a system based on\n            <jats:italic>F13L<\/jats:italic>\n            ortholog deficiency can be used to generate recombinant OPVs other than VACV have not been reported. The\n            <jats:italic>F13L<\/jats:italic>\n            ortholog in ectromelia virus (ECTV), the agent of mousepox, is\n            <jats:italic>EVM036<\/jats:italic>\n            . We show that ECTV lacking\n            <jats:italic>EVM036<\/jats:italic>\n            formed small plaques and was highly attenuated\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            but still induced strong antibody responses. Reintroduction of\n            <jats:italic>EVM036<\/jats:italic>\n            in tandem with the\n            <jats:italic>DsRed<\/jats:italic>\n            gene resulted in a virus that expressed DsRed in infected cells but was indistinguishable from wild-type ECTV in terms of plaque size and\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            virulence. Thus, our data show that, like\n            <jats:italic>F13L<\/jats:italic>\n            in VACV,\n            <jats:italic>EVM036<\/jats:italic>\n            is required for ECTV plaque formation and that\n            <jats:italic>EVM036<\/jats:italic>\n            and EV are important for ECTV virulence. Our experiments also suggest that OPVs deficient in\n            <jats:italic>F13L<\/jats:italic>\n            orthologs could serve as safer anti-OPV vaccines. Further, our results demonstrate that ECTV deficient in\n            <jats:italic>EVM036<\/jats:italic>\n            can be exploited for the rapid generation of fully virulent ECTV expressing foreign genes of interest.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01732-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,5]],"date-time":"2012-10-05T01:08:10Z","timestamp":1349399290000},"page":"13501-13507","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Characterization of Ectromelia Virus Deficient in\n            <i>EVM036<\/i>\n            , the Homolog of Vaccinia virus\n            <i>F13L<\/i>\n            , and Its Application for Rapid Generation of Recombinant Viruses"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Felicia","family":"Roscoe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Fox Chase Cancer Center, Immune Cell Development and Host Defense Program, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ren-Huan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Fox Chase Cancer Center, Immune Cell Development and Host Defense Program, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis J.","family":"Sigal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Fox Chase Cancer Center, Immune Cell Development and Host Defense Program, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.65.11.5910-5920.1991"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(95)00149-Z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2010.10.021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6822(03)00520-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"16.17.1","article-title":"Generation of recombinant vaccinia viruses","volume":"43","author":"Earl PL","year":"2001","unstructured":"EarlPL MossB WyattLS CarrollMW. 2001. 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