{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T15:21:29Z","timestamp":1785424889504,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776729600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009997","name":"Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CARS-40"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-40"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009997","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) induces severe immunosuppression in chickens. The nonstructural protein VP2 of CIAV is shown to play critical roles in viral assembly and viral replication. However, the molecular mechanisms by which CIAV VP2 hijacks host machinery to promote efficient viral replication remain elusive. Here, we showed that casein kinase 2 alpha (CK2\u03b1) subunit was identified to interact with CIAV VP2 to promote viral replication. We found that knockdown of cellular CK2\u03b1 by RNAi in MDCC-MSB1 or inhibition of its kinase activity by an inhibitor significantly suppressed CIAV replication in cells. Furthermore, we verified that CK2\u03b1 stabilized VP2 by inhibiting its proteasomal degradation. In addition, we demonstrated that Ser182 and Asp183 of VP2 served as essential residues for CK2\u03b1 binding. Using reverse genetics technique, we rescued the recombinant virus with mutations at Ser182 and Asp183 of VP2 and demonstrated that mutations at these sites disrupted VP2-CK2\u03b1 binding, reduced viral replication, and mitigated CIAV-induced bone marrow hypoplasia and thymic damage\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Our results indicate that CIAV exploits cellular CK2\u03b1 for its replication and pathogenesis, implying that CK2\u03b1 can be used as a potential target for the development of antiviral drugs in effective control of CIAV infection.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) causes severe immunosuppression and substantial economic losses in the global poultry industry. Current strategies to control CIAV infection are still limited. This study identifies host kinase casein kinase 2 alpha (CK2\u03b1) as a key cellular factor that binds and stabilizes CIAV VP2, promoting viral replication. Inhibition or knockdown of CK2\u03b1 suppressed viral replication. The rescued virus with VP2 S182A\/D183A mutations exhibited reduced viral replication and attenuated pathogenicity. These findings reveal a crucial mechanism whereby CIAV VP2 exploits host CK2\u03b1 for efficient viral replication, highlighting the VP2-CK2\u03b1 interaction as a potential target for developing novel antiviral strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01739-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T12:00:16Z","timestamp":1774958416000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Chicken infectious anemia virus exploits host CK2\u03b1 as an essential factor for its replication via VP2 Ser182\/Asp183-mediated interaction"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Ziyue","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04v3ywz14","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, China Agricultural University","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04v3ywz14","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04v3ywz14","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongnuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04v3ywz14","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, China Agricultural University","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04v3ywz14","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04v3ywz14","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongqiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04v3ywz14","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, China Agricultural University","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04v3ywz14","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04v3ywz14","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04v3ywz14","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04v3ywz14","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, China Agricultural University","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04v3ywz14","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04v3ywz14","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-2150-6317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04v3ywz14","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, China Agricultural University","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04v3ywz14","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04v3ywz14","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6534-6737","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shijun J.","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04v3ywz14","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, China Agricultural University","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04v3ywz14","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, China Agricultural University","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04v3ywz14","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University","place":["Beijing, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-017-3247-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-305X(99)00076-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1589567"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1592190"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1591612"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03079459408418997"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1637\/0005-2086(2007)51[639:ACCOCI]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1333596"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci10070481"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/6609077"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v17050620"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2024.103835"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12040740"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.105365"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1515415"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.11.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_2","first-page":"13","article-title":"Propagation and infectivity titration of the Gifu-1 strain of chicken anemia agent in a cell line (MDCC-MSB1) derived from Marek\u2019s disease lymphoma","volume":"23","author":"Yuasa N","year":"1983","unstructured":"Yuasa N. 1983. Propagation and infectivity titration of the Gifu-1 strain of chicken anemia agent in a cell line (MDCC-MSB1) derived from Marek\u2019s disease lymphoma. Natl Inst Anim Health Q (Tokyo) 23:13\u201320.","journal-title":"Natl Inst Anim Health Q (Tokyo)"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.66.12.7383-7388.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_2","first-page":"486","article-title":"Apoptin, a protein derived from chicken anemia virus, induces p53-independent apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cells","volume":"55","author":"Zhuang SM","year":"1995","unstructured":"Zhuang SM, Shvarts A, van Ormondt H, Jochemsen AG, van der Eb AJ, Noteborn MH. 1995. Apoptin, a protein derived from chicken anemia virus, induces p53-independent apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cells. Cancer Res 55:486\u2013489.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2021.101468"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.81468-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M201752200"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-79-12-3073"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2010.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.00074"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/msb.2011.82"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M111.014050"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01163-21"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2007.07.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbic.201500551"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.06.034"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202309477"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2010.11.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c10478"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-10-1893"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-8-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2011.586330"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2008.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01863"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2019.01.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.02.066"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey475"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-024-01956-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1007788"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.012567"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2022.109364"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01434-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2286-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/BC.2006.059"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-51056-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2025.117826"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2011.385"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00567-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-82-5-1233"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11262-008-0316-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00936-16"}],"container-title":["Journal of Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/jvi.01739-25","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/jvi.01739-25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T13:04:21Z","timestamp":1776776661000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/jvi.01739-25"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Koenraad","family":"van Doorslaer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/jvi.01739-25"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jvi.01739-25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-538X","1098-5514"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-538X","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5514","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-13","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-31","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e01739-25"}}