{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T11:52:07Z","timestamp":1790855527372,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,1]],"date-time":"2009-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1233446400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Deciphering antibody specificities that constrain human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope (Env) diversity, limit virus replication, and contribute to neutralization breadth and potency is an important goal of current HIV\/AIDS vaccine research. Transplantation of discrete HIV-1 neutralizing epitopes into HIV-2 scaffolds may provide a sensitive, biologically functional context by which to quantify specific antibody reactivities even in complex sera. Here, we describe a novel HIV-2 proviral scaffold (pHIV-2\n                    <jats:sub>KR.X7<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) into which we substituted the complete variable region 3 (V3) of the\n                    <jats:italic>env<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene of HIV-1\n                    <jats:sub>YU2<\/jats:sub>\n                    or HIV-1\n                    <jats:sub>Ccon<\/jats:sub>\n                    to yield the chimeric proviruses pHIV-2\n                    <jats:sub>KR.X7<\/jats:sub>\n                    YU2 V3 and pHIV-2\n                    <jats:sub>KR.X7<\/jats:sub>\n                    Ccon V3. These HIV-2\/HIV-1 chimeras were replication competent and sensitive to selective pharmacological inhibitors of virus entry. V3 chimeric viruses were resistant to neutralization by HIV-1 monoclonal antibodies directed against the CD4 binding site, coreceptor binding site, and gp41 membrane proximal external region but exhibited striking sensitivity to HIV-1 V3-specific monoclonal antibodies, 447-52D and F425 B4e8 (50% inhibitory concentration of [IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    ] &lt;0.005 \u03bcg\/ml for each). Plasma specimens from 11 HIV-1 clade B- and 10 HIV-1 clade C-infected subjects showed no neutralizing activity against HIV-2 but exhibited high-titer V3-specific neutralization against both HIV-2\/HIV-1 V3 chimeras with IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    measurements ranging from 1:50 to greater than 1:40,000. Neutralization titers of B clade plasmas were as much as 1,000-fold lower when tested against the primary HIV-1\n                    <jats:sub>YU2<\/jats:sub>\n                    virus than with the HIV-2\n                    <jats:sub>KR.X7<\/jats:sub>\n                    YU2 V3 chimera, demonstrating highly effective shielding of V3 epitopes in the native Env trimer. This finding was replicated using a second primary HIV-1 strain (HIV-1\n                    <jats:sub>BORI<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) and the corresponding HIV-2\n                    <jats:sub>KR.X7<\/jats:sub>\n                    BORI V3 chimera. We conclude that V3 is highly immunogenic in vivo, eliciting antibodies with substantial breadth of reactivity and neutralizing potential. These antibodies constrain HIV-1 Env to a structure(s) in which V3 epitopes are concealed prior to CD4 engagement but do not otherwise contribute to neutralization breadth and potency against most primary virus strains. Triggering of the viral spike to reveal V3 epitopes may be required if V3 immunogens are to be components of an effective HIV-1 vaccine.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01743-08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,19]],"date-time":"2008-11-19T20:25:48Z","timestamp":1227126348000},"page":"1240-1259","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 (HIV-2)\/HIV-1 Envelope Chimeras Detect High Titers of Broadly Reactive HIV-1 V3-Specific Antibodies in Human Plasma"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Katie L.","family":"Davis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederic","family":"Bibollet-Ruche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie M.","family":"Decker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olaf","family":"Kutsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology"},{"name":"Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynn","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIDS Virus Research Unit, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aidy","family":"Salomon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Research Institute, Newark, New Jersey 07103"},{"name":"New Jersey School of Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry, Newark, New Jersey, 07103"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abraham","family":"Pinter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Research Institute, Newark, New Jersey 07103"},{"name":"New Jersey School of Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry, Newark, New Jersey, 07103"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James A.","family":"Hoxie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrice H.","family":"Hahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology"},{"name":"Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter D.","family":"Kwong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George M.","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Microbiology"},{"name":"Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199002000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2007.11.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Williams hematology 6th ed. 2000","DOI":"10.1182\/asheducation-2000.1.376"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01762-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.23.13232-13252.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.68.9.6103-6110.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0297-205"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.64.7.3492-3499.1990"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.68.9.6006-6013.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni0304-233"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1083182"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2006.10.088"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200303280-00006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","first-page":"1","volume":"38","year":"1989","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1989. Interpretation and use of the Western blot assay for serodiagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infections. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep.38:1-7.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03327"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.11.5762"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.12.5541-5549.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20042510"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02749-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0605513103"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.11.5230-5239.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00352-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200309050-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000171"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0504658102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.66.12.7538-7542.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5114","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.159.10.5114","volume":"159","year":"1997","unstructured":"Gorny, M. K., T. C. VanCott, C. Hioe, Z. R. Israel, N. L. Michael, A. J. Conley, C. Williams, J. A. Kessler, 2nd, P. Chigurupati, S. Burda, and S. Zolla-Pazner. 1997. Human monoclonal antibodies to the V3 loop of HIV-1 with intra- and interclade cross-reactivity. J. Immunol.159:5114-5122.","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.18.9035-9045.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02202-05"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.8.3238"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.150.2.635","volume":"150","year":"1993","unstructured":"Gorny, M. K., J. Y. Xu, S. Karwowska, A. Buchbinder, and S. Zolla-Pazner. 1993. Repertoire of neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies specific for the V3 domain of HIV-1 gp120. J. Immunol.150:635-643.","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.12.6277-6292.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.12.4478"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02161-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00239-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(88)90568-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2005.21.171"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1111781"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.11.6359"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02054-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1145373"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1118398"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.10.8216-8226.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1905842"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.17.6768"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20040511"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1819"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.68.1.400-410.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0802203105"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.7.3435-3443.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.5.2041-2050.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.68.7.4650-4655.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.2.780-790.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02619-05"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0030117"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.19.10557-10565.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00201-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.16.10108-10125.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.66.11.6587-6600.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.65.8.3973-3985.1991"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1624"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01992-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.11.6957-6968.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.69.10.6424-6429.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.67.8.4932-4944.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.21.10200-10207.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.71.5.3734-3741.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02187-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.64.8.3779-3791.1990"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.19.10724-10737.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.6.1932"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2007.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.24.021605.090557"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2008.08.032"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_2","first-page":"S137","volume":"13","year":"1999","unstructured":"Parren, P. W., J. P. Moore, D. R. Burton, and Q. J. Sattentau. 1999. The neutralizing antibody response to HIV-1: viral evasion and escape from humoral immunity. AIDS13(Suppl. A):S137-162.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01444-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/516508"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/157016207782418470"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.10.5205-5215.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80043-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4641","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.144.12.4641","volume":"144","year":"1990","unstructured":"Profy, A. T., P. A. Salinas, L. I. Eckler, N. M. Dunlop, P. L. Nara, and S. D. Putney. 1990. Epitopes recognized by the neutralizing antibodies of an HIV-1-infected individual. J. Immunol.144:4641-4647.","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.1987.3.57"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0630530100"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/088922200308747"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.280.5371.1949"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01839-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00257-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.9.3198"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00141-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02660-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.1.326-333.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1061692"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.str.2004.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.8.6332-6338.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0264-410X(93)90356-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.6.1896-1905.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01470"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-198804000-00004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2008.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/31514"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.280.5371.1884"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.80.6.3030-3041.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.2.644-655.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.15.6893-6910.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05580"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/HAB-2005-143-403"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2007.09.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2004.20.1254"}],"container-title":["Journal of Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JVI.01743-08","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JVI.01743-08","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,21]],"date-time":"2023-05-21T02:28:47Z","timestamp":1684636127000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/JVI.01743-08"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"references-count":108,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/JVI.01743-08"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jvi.01743-08","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.1138973.596077","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0022-538X","1098-5514"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-538X","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5514","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2008-08-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2008-11-07","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2009-02-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}