{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T13:05:37Z","timestamp":1784034337639,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]],"date-time":"2024-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/ASMCopyrightv2"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]],"date-time":"2024-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734393600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Foundation for Health Advancement","award":["IFHA 17-24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IFHA 17-24"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      La Crosse virus (LACV) is a primary cause of pediatric arboviral encephalitis in the United States, particularly affecting children aged 16 years or younger. This age-related susceptibility extends to murine models, where weanling mice (3 weeks old) succumb to LACV infection, while adults (\u22656 weeks old) demonstrate resistance. Despite its clinical relevance, the host immune response to LACV is not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the roles of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs), cytokines, and chemokines in weanling and adult mice following infection with 5 \u00d7 10\n                      <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                      plaque-forming units (PFU) of LACV. Weanling mice demonstrated early disease onset with elevated peripheral viremia, but passive transfer of adult serum, confirmed to have nAbs, to na\u00efve weanlings prior to infection completely rescued them from death. Moreover, adult mice had increased Th1 cytokines, Th9\/Th17\/Th22\/Treg cytokines, and many chemokines. In contrast, weanlings had higher Th2 cytokines, correlating with symptoms onset. Flow cytometry and intracellular cytokine staining further demonstrated that weanling mice produced higher levels of IL-4 by CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      and CD8\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T cells compared to adults, regardless of infection status. Conversely, LACV-infected adult mice had increased IFN-\u03b3 production by CD8\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T cells compared to uninfected controls. Finally, the adoptive transfer of splenocytes from immune adult mice to na\u00efve weanlings delayed neurological symptoms and improved survival. In conclusion, this study links nAbs and cytokine and chemokine responses to protective immunity in adult mice, contrasting with the pathogenesis seen in weanlings. These findings underscore the importance of further research into innate and adaptive immune mechanisms during LACV infection.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>La Crosse virus (LACV) is a primary cause of pediatric encephalitis in the United States, with an impact on children aged 16 years or younger. This age-related susceptibility is recapitulated in mouse models, where young mice succumb to LACV-induced disease, while adults demonstrate resistance. Our understanding of host responses to LACV remains underexplored. This study sheds light on the dynamics of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs), cytokines, and chemokines following LACV infection in both adult and weanling mice. Our study reveals age-specific variations in viremia, neutralizing antibody titers, survivability, and levels of cytokines and chemokines. Adult mice exhibit significantly elevated levels of Th1 cytokines, contrasting with elevated levels of Th2 cytokines observed in weanling mice, often coinciding with the onset of symptoms. These data reveal age-specific dynamics in cytokines and chemokines associated with protective versus pathogenic immunity, emphasizing the need for further studies on innate and adaptive immunity.<\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01762-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,5]],"date-time":"2024-11-05T08:00:21Z","timestamp":1730793621000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Age-specific dynamics of neutralizing antibodies, cytokines, and chemokines in response to La Crosse virus infection in mice"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Reem","family":"Alatrash","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Rutgers Global Health Institute, Rutgers University","place":["New Brunswick, USA"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases and Child Health 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