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We thus examined whether IFN-\u03bb has the ability to inhibit human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection of blood monocyte-derived macrophages that expressed IFN-\u03bb receptors. Both IFN-\u03bb1 and IFN-\u03bb2, when added to macrophage cultures, inhibited HIV-1 infection and replication. This IFN-\u03bb-mediated anti-HIV-1 activity is broad, as IFN-\u03bb could inhibit infection by both laboratory-adapted and clinical strains of HIV-1. Investigations of the mechanism(s) responsible for the IFN-\u03bb action showed that although IFN-\u03bb had little effect on HIV-1 entry coreceptor CCR5 expression, IFN-\u03bb induced the expression of CC chemokines, the ligands for CCR5. In addition, IFN-\u03bb upregulated intracellular expression of type I IFNs and APOBEC3G\/3F, the newly identified anti-HIV-1 cellular factors. These data provide direct and compelling evidence that IFN-\u03bb, through both extracellular and intracellular antiviral mechanisms, inhibits HIV-1 replication in macrophages. These findings indicate that IFN-\u03bb may have therapeutic value in the treatment of HIV-1 infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01773-08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,5]],"date-time":"2009-02-05T02:10:57Z","timestamp":1233799857000},"page":"3834-3842","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":153,"title":["Lambda Interferon Inhibits Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection of Macrophages"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Hou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Immunology, Joseph Stokes, Jr., Research Institute at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Virology, Wuhan University, Hubei, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Immunology, Joseph Stokes, Jr., Research Institute at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Immunology, Joseph Stokes, Jr., Research Institute at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Immunology, Joseph Stokes, Jr., Research Institute at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhan-Qiu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Virology, Wuhan University, Hubei, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Riedel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Immunology, Joseph Stokes, Jr., Research Institute at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Zhe","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Allergy and Immunology, Joseph Stokes, Jr., Research Institute at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.272.5270.1955"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.80.9.4501-4509.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.68.11.7559-7565.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00237.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.18.9407-9419.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.270.5243.1811"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)31623-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M404789200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.56.3.358"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1759(86)90415-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.66.1.573-579.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1639"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/430931"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3091","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.160.7.3091","volume":"160","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kelly, M. 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