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Virus-like particles (VLPs) have been shown to be efficient inducers of cell-mediated immune responses, but administration of an adjuvant is generally required. We recently reported the generation of a novel VLP system exploiting the self-assembly property of the papaya mosaic virus (PapMV) coat protein. We show here that uptake of PapMV-like particles by murine splenic dendritic cells (DCs) in vivo leads to their maturation, suggesting that they possess intrinsic adjuvant-like properties. DCs pulsed with PapMV-like particles displaying the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) p33 immunodominant CTL epitope (PapMV-p33) efficiently process and cross-present the viral epitope to p33-specific transgenic T cells. Importantly, the CTL epitope is also properly processed and presented in vivo, since immunization of p33-specific T-cell receptor transgenic mice with PapMV-p33 induces the activation of large numbers of specific CTLs. C57BL\/6 mice immunized with PapMV-p33 VLPs in the absence of adjuvant develop p33-specific effector CTLs that rapidly expand following LCMV challenge and protect vaccinated mice against LCMV infection in a dose-dependent manner. These results demonstrate the efficiency of this novel plant virus-based vaccination platform in inducing DC maturation leading to protective CTL responses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01811-07","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,8]],"date-time":"2007-11-08T01:59:20Z","timestamp":1194487160000},"page":"785-794","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Novel Plant Virus-Based Vaccine Induces Protective Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Mediated Antiviral Immunity through Dendritic Cell Maturation"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Patrick","family":"Lacasse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunovirology Laboratory, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Que\u0301bec, Canada H7V 1B7"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Je\u0301ro\u0302me","family":"Denis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie, Pavillon CHUL, Universite\u0301 Laval, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Que\u0301bec, Que\u0301bec, Canada G1V 4G2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Re\u0301jean","family":"Lapointe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche, CHUM, Ho\u0302pital Notre-Dame, Universite\u0301 de Montre\u0301al and Institut du Cancer de Montre\u0301al, 2099 Rue Alexandre-de-Se\u0300ve, Montre\u0301al, Que\u0301bec, Canada H2L 4M1"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denis","family":"Leclerc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie, Pavillon CHUL, Universite\u0301 Laval, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Que\u0301bec, Que\u0301bec, Canada G1V 4G2"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alain","family":"Lamarre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunovirology Laboratory, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Que\u0301bec, Canada H7V 1B7"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.274.5284.94"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1058915"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-0934(91)90018-U"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-6446(05)03600-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.51.3.682-686.1984"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1711.2005.01339.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2007.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(76)90180-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1711.2001.01036.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2004.00142.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm987"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.12.10180-10188.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0147-9571(03)00018-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01720-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.9.5346"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6742","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.151.12.6742","volume":"151","year":"1993","unstructured":"Levin, D., S. 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