{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T04:29:49Z","timestamp":1781929789857,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,1]],"date-time":"2011-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1293840000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Vaccinia virus (VacV) enters mammalian cells, replicates extranuclearly, and produces virions that move to the cell surface along microtubules, fuse with the plasma membrane, and move from infected cells toward apposing cells on actin-filled membranous protrusions or actin tails. To form actin tails, cell-associated enveloped virions (CEV) require Abl and Src family tyrosine kinases. Furthermore, release of CEV from the cell requires Abl but not Src family tyrosine kinases and is blocked by imatinib mesylate (STI-571; Gleevec), an Abl family kinase inhibitor used to treat chronic myelogenous leukemia in humans. Here we demonstrate that the\n            <jats:italic>Poxviridae<\/jats:italic>\n            family members monkeypox virus (MPX) and variola virus (VarV) use conserved mechanisms for actin motility and extracellular enveloped virion (EEV) release. Furthermore, we show that imatinib mesylate is effective in a mouse model of infection with VacV, whether delivered prophylactically or postinfection, and restricts spread of virions from the site of inoculation. While inhibitors of both Src and Abl family kinases, such as dasatinib (BMS-354825; Sprycel), are effective in limiting dissemination of VacV, VarV, and MPX\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            , members of this class of drugs appear to have immunosuppressive effects\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            that preclude their use as anti-infectives. Together, these data suggest a possible utility for imatinib mesylate in treating smallpox or MPX infections or complications associated with vaccination.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01814-10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,21]],"date-time":"2010-10-21T02:22:21Z","timestamp":1287627741000},"page":"21-31","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["Variola and Monkeypox Viruses Utilize Conserved Mechanisms of Virion Motility and Release That Depend on Abl and Src Family Tyrosine Kinases"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Patrick M.","family":"Reeves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Molecular Genetics Graduate Program, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Whitehead Research Building 155, Atlanta, Georgia 30322"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott K.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Poxvirus Team, Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Zoonotic, Viral and Enteric Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria A.","family":"Olson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Poxvirus Team, Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Zoonotic, Viral and Enteric Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steve H.","family":"Thorne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Surgical Oncology and Department of Immunology, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Bornmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inger K.","family":"Damon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Poxvirus Team, Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Zoonotic, Viral and Enteric Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Kalman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Molecular Genetics Graduate Program, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Whitehead Research Building 155, Atlanta, Georgia 30322"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael Street, Whitehead Research Building 144, Atlanta, Georgia 30322"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-5-58"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00678-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/315190"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.19271-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","first-page":"1","volume":"52","year":"2003","unstructured":"CDC. 2003. Smallpox vaccination and adverse reactions. Guidance for clinicians. MMWR Recomm. Rep. 52(RR-4):1-28.","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm. Rep."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","first-page":"1","volume":"50","year":"2001","unstructured":"CDC. 2001. Vaccinia (smallpox) vaccine recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2001. MMWR Recomm. Rep. 50(RR-10):1-25.","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm. Rep."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","first-page":"537","volume":"52","year":"2003","unstructured":"CDC. 2003. Multistate outbreak of monkeypox\u2014Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin, 2003. MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 52:537-540.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00906-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","first-page":"2947","year":"2006","unstructured":"Damon, I. K. 2006. Poxviruses, p. 2947-2976. In B. N. Fields et al. (ed.), Fields virology, 5th ed. 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European Medicines Agency, London, United Kingdom.","journal-title":"Sprycel European public assessment report"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/44860"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200104124"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00021-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.005108-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/14087"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/44.2.97"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2004.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/374054"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","first-page":"2905","year":"2006","unstructured":"Moss, B. 2006. Poxviridae: the viruses and their replication, p. 2905-2946. In B. N. Fields et al. (ed.), Fields virology, 5th ed. 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