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Recently, it has been shown that<jats:italic>w<\/jats:italic>Melpop and<jats:italic>w<\/jats:italic>Mel strains of<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Wolbachia<\/jats:named-content>inhibit the replication of several RNA viruses, including dengue virus, and other vector-borne pathogens (e.g.,<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Plasmodium<\/jats:named-content>and filarial nematodes) in mosquitoes, providing an alternative approach to limit the transmission of vector-borne pathogens. In this study, we tested the effect of<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Wolbachia<\/jats:named-content>on the replication of West Nile Virus (WNV). Surprisingly, accumulation of the genomic RNA of WNV for all three strains of WNV tested (New York 99, Kunjin, and New South Wales) was enhanced in<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Wolbachia<\/jats:named-content>-infected<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Aedes aegypti<\/jats:named-content>cells (Aag2). However, the amount of secreted virus was significantly reduced in the presence of<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Wolbachia<\/jats:named-content>. Intrathoracic injections showed that replication of WNV in<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">A. aegypti<\/jats:named-content>mosquitoes infected with<jats:italic>w<\/jats:italic>Mel strain of<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Wolbachia<\/jats:named-content>was not inhibited, whereas<jats:italic>w<\/jats:italic>MelPop strain of<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Wolbachia<\/jats:named-content>significantly reduced the replication of WNV in mosquitoes. Further, when<jats:italic>w<\/jats:italic>MelPop mosquitoes were orally fed with WNV, virus infection, transmission, and dissemination rates were very low in<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Wolbachia<\/jats:named-content>-free mosquitoes and were completely inhibited in the presence of<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Wolbachia<\/jats:named-content>. The results suggest that (i) despite the enhancement of viral genomic RNA replication in the<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Wolbachia<\/jats:named-content>-infected cell line the production of secreted virus was significantly inhibited, (ii) the antiviral effect in intrathoracically infected mosquitoes depends on the strain of<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Wolbachia<\/jats:named-content>, and (iii) replication of the virus in orally fed mosquitoes was completely inhibited in<jats:italic>w<\/jats:italic>MelPop strain of<jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Wolbachia<\/jats:named-content>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01837-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,1]],"date-time":"2012-11-01T01:46:59Z","timestamp":1351734419000},"page":"851-858","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":131,"title":["Effect of Wolbachia on Replication of West Nile Virus in a Mosquito Cell Line and Adult Mosquitoes"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Mazhar","family":"Hussain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangjin","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mosquito Control Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shessy","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith H.","family":"Edmonds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian H.","family":"Kay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mosquito Control Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander A.","family":"Khromykh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sassan","family":"Asgari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2008.01110.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.03095"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198577867.003.0002","volume-title":"Influential passengers: inherited microorganisms and arthropod reproduction.","author":"Hoffman AA","year":"1997","unstructured":"HoffmanAA TurelliM. 1997. 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