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Of these, peptide 1 prevented WNV infection in vitro with a 50% inhibition concentration of 67 \u03bcM and also inhibited infection of a related flavivirus, dengue virus. Peptide 9, a derivative of peptide 1, was a particularly potent inhibitor of WNV in vitro, with a 50% inhibition concentration of 2.6 \u03bcM. Moreover, mice challenged with WNV that had been incubated with peptide 9 had reduced viremia and fatality compared with control animals. Peptide 9 penetrated the murine blood-brain barrier and was found in the brain parenchyma, implying that it may have antiviral activity in the central nervous system. These short peptides serve as the basis for developing new therapeutics for West Nile encephalitis and, potentially, other flaviviruses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01840-06","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,12,7]],"date-time":"2006-12-07T14:57:14Z","timestamp":1165503434000},"page":"2047-2055","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":97,"title":["Antiviral Peptides Targeting the West Nile Virus Envelope Protein"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Fengwei","family":"Bai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terrence","family":"Town","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Immunobiology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepti","family":"Pradhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Ashish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28213"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Ledizet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"L2 Diagnostics, New Haven, Connecticut 06511"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John F.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut 06504"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard A.","family":"Flavell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Immunobiology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna K.","family":"Krueger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28213"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond A.","family":"Koski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"L2 Diagnostics, New Haven, Connecticut 06511"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erol","family":"Fikrig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.9.4268-4275.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.286.5448.2331"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/153036601316977769"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/428507"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-409X(00)00139-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5173(00)00656-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.56.012302.160654"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.16.7769-7773.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI21623"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0188-4409(02)00378-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1108.050289a"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600830608"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-2-49"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(03)00112-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1087057104269726"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02975283"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)00660-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","first-page":"113","volume":"1","year":"2004","unstructured":"Landon, L. 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