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Some of these critical host factors interact with the hypervariable domain (HVD) of alphavirus nsP3. In this study, we have explored binding sites of host proteins, which are specific partners of nsP3 HVD of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. We also define the roles of these interactions in viral replication both\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            . A mechanistic understanding of the binding of CD2AP, SH3KBP1, and FXR protein family members to VEEV HVD uncovers important aspects of alphavirus evolution and determines new targets for the development of alphavirus-specific drugs and directions for viral attenuation and vaccine development.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01841-19","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,6]],"date-time":"2019-11-06T11:19:31Z","timestamp":1573039171000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Mutations in Hypervariable Domain of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus nsP3 Protein Differentially Affect Viral Replication"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Chetan D.","family":"Meshram","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron T.","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetyana","family":"Lukash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikita","family":"Shiliaev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6523-9336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena I.","family":"Frolova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8548-2517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilya","family":"Frolov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mr.58.3.491-562.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"539","volume-title":"The encyclopedia of arthropod-transmitted infections","author":"Weaver SC","year":"2001","unstructured":"Weaver SC. 2001. 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