{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T14:45:12Z","timestamp":1785422712064,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["WeInvestigator Award 110106\/A\/15\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WeInvestigator Award 110106\/A\/15\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Senior Research Fellowship 200898"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Senior Research Fellowship 200898"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/V000756\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/V000756\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000268","name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BB\/T020954\/2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BB\/T020954\/2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"German Science Foundation","award":["FOR5130 KA 5564\/1-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FOR5130 KA 5564\/1-1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>Classical molecules encoded by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are central to immune responses. Compared to typical mammals, the chicken MHC is small and simple, determining life or death from economically important pathogens like avian influenza virus and Marek\u2019s disease virus (MDV). Several genes within the tightly linked chicken MHC have been suggested to determine resistance and susceptibility to MDV, but it was a surprise to find that the dominantly expressed class II molecule from the resistant B2 haplotype employed a novel peptide-binding mode with a decamer core sequence compared to the susceptible B19 haplotype with a typical nonamer core. We examined the crystal structure of the dominantly expressed class II molecule from another resistant haplotype, B21, which is extremely frequent in commercial chicken flocks, to find that it bound the same MDV peptide with both nonamer and decamer cores, revealing an unexpected plasticity of binding that potentially increases the immune response to this devastating pathogen.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>The meat and eggs of chickens are major food sources for both developed countries (where vast numbers are produced by the commercial poultry industry) and developing countries (where backyard and village chickens provide animal protein for the poorest members of society). Chickens are beset by many devastating viral diseases, and decades of genetics research has shown the particular haplotype of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) can determine life or death for an individual chicken. One major economically important virus is the oncogenic herpesvirus that causes Marek\u2019s disease virus (MDV). Through structural studies, we find that the dominantly expressed class II molecule from an MHC haplotype that confers decisive resistance to MDV (and a number of other viruses) binds the same MDV peptide in two conformations, thus providing the basis for a wider immune response by T cells, which is of potential importance for both disease resistance and vaccine response.<\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01859-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T14:01:31Z","timestamp":1776348091000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecule that binds the same viral pathogen peptide with both nonamer and decamer core sequences for presentation to T cells"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"100","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1931-1947","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anastasia","family":"Goryanin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01nrxwf90","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Ashworth Laboratories, Institute for Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh","place":["Edinburgh, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2087-9772","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Atlanta G.","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01nrxwf90","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Edinburgh","place":["Edinburgh, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6455-4086","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shahriar","family":"Behboudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/0524sp257","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Veterinary School, University of Bristol","place":["Langford, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7216-8422","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jim","family":"Kaufman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01nrxwf90","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Ashworth Laboratories, Institute for Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh","place":["Edinburgh, United Kingdom"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/03v76x132","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Department of Immunobiology, Yale University","place":["New Haven, USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4612-5234","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Samer","family":"Halabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01nrxwf90","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"Ashworth Laboratories, Institute for Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh","place":["Edinburgh, United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genom-091212-153455"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2018.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065x.1995.tb00670.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pev379"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-016-0404-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro1382"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.831269"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6823560"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002510050022"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/44856"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0507386103"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.05345"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0906776106"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3001057"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251-008-0307-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_2","first-page":"323","article-title":"A new recombinant allele in the B complex of the chicken [proceedings]","volume":"25","author":"H\u00e1la K","year":"1979","unstructured":"H\u00e1la K, Vilhelmov\u00e1 M, Schulmannov\u00e1 J, Plach\u00fd J. 1979. 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