{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T06:25:33Z","timestamp":1780467933595,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,1]],"date-time":"2008-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1204329600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hepatitis C virus (HCV) often causes a persistent infection associated with hypergammaglobulinemia, high levels of antiviral antibody and circulating immune complexes, and immune complex disease. We previously reported that only a limited neutralizing activity to vesicular stomatitis virus or HCV pseudotype is generated in animals immunized with recombinant HCV envelope proteins and chronically infected HCV patient sera. Interestingly, when some of these neutralizing sera were diluted into a range of concentrations below those that reduced virus plaque number, an increase in pseudotype plaque formation was observed. Purified HCV E2-specific human monoclonal antibodies were used to further verify the specificity of this enhancement, and one- to twofold increases were apparent on permissive Huh-7 cells. The enhancement of HCV pseudotype titer could be inhibited by the addition of a Fc-specific anti-human immunoglobulin G Fab fragment to the virus-antibody mixture prior to infection. Treatment of cells with antibody to Fc receptor I (FcRI) or FcRII, but not FcRIII, also led to an inhibition of pseudotype titer enhancement in an additive manner. Human lymphoblastoid cell line (Raji), a poor host for HCV pseudotype infection, exhibited a four- to sixfold enhancement of pseudotype-mediated cell death upon incubation with antibody at nonneutralizing concentrations. A similar enhancement of cell culture-grown HCV infectivity by a human monoclonal antibody was also observed. Taken together, antibodies to viral epitopes enhancing HCV infection need to be taken into consideration for pathogenesis and in the development of an effective vaccine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01867-07","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,20]],"date-time":"2007-12-20T01:53:51Z","timestamp":1198115631000},"page":"2140-2149","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of Hepatitis C Virus Infection"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Keith","family":"Meyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Internal Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malika","family":"Ait-Goughoulte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Internal Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen-Yong","family":"Keck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Foung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ranjit","family":"Ray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Internal Medicine"},{"name":"Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri 63110"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.80882-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20021756"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02622-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.1992.tb03150.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","first-page":"242","volume":"80","year":"2006","unstructured":"Brown, M. G., C. A. King, C. Sherren, J. S. Marshall, and R. Anderson. 2006. A dominant role for Fc RII in antibody-enhanced dengue virus infection of human mast cells and associated CCL5 release. J. Leukoc. Biol.80:242-250.","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","first-page":"109","volume":"60","year":"2001","unstructured":"Burton, D. R., E. O. Saphire, and P. W. Parren. 2001. A model for neutralization of viruses based on antibody coating of the virion surface. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol.60:109-143.","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(99)70237-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2001.tb01542.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1999.0041"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(96)80115-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","first-page":"825","volume":"113","year":"2001","unstructured":"de Haas, M. 2001. IgG-Fc receptors and the clinical relevance of their polymorphisms. Wien Klin. Wochenschr.113:825-831.","journal-title":"Wien Klin. Wochenschr."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01968232"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","first-page":"477","volume":"37","year":"1979","unstructured":"Dorval, G., A. E. Bourkas, and J. Menezes. 1979. Comparative studies on the expression of Fc-receptors, Ia antigens, and beta 2-microglobulin following in vitro herpes simplex virus infection of human lymphoid cells. Clin. Exp. Immunol.37:477-485.","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2002.01729.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s007050050082"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","first-page":"553","volume":"130","year":"1979","unstructured":"Frommel, D., and R. Rachman. 1979. Receptor for the Fc portion of IgG on the plasma membrane of the hepatocyte. Ann. Immunol.130C:553-560.","journal-title":"Ann. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199405000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.159.1.279","volume":"159","year":"1997","unstructured":"Garrity, R., G. Rimmelzwaan, A. Minassian, W. P. Tsai, G. Lin, J. J. de Jong, J. Goudsmit, and P. L. Nara. 1997. Refocusing neutralizing antibody response by targeted dampening of an immunodominant epitope. J. Immunol.159:279-289.","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0703498104"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.22.10407-10416.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.146.1.201"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/140.4.527"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa013376"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.64.4.1437-1440.1990"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510280429"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.80.9.4633-4639.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.67.12.7017-7024.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.67.4.2075-2082.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01710-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.17.9224-9232.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.62.11.3928-3933.1988"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","first-page":"6163","volume":"154","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kozlowski, P. A., K. P. Black, L. Shen, and S. Jackson. 1995. High prevalence of serum IgA HIV-1 infection-enhancing antibodies in HIV-infected persons. Masking by IgG. J. Immunol.154:6163-6173.","journal-title":"Masking by IgG. J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.5.3539-3546.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/339679"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.10.6023-6034.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/340365"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.18.8376-8381.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3183","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.144.8.3183","volume":"144","year":"1990","unstructured":"Littaua, R., I. Kurane, and F. A. Ennis. 1990. Human IgG Fc receptor II mediates antibody-dependent enhancement of dengue virus infection. J. Immunol.144:3183-3186.","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","first-page":"4206","volume":"62","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lovborg, H., J. Wojciechowski, R. Larsson, and J. Wesierska-Gadek. 2002. Action of a novel anticancer agent, CHS 828, on mouse fibroblasts: increased sensitivity of cells lacking poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1. Cancer Res.62:4206-4211.","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.69.4.2393-2400.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.1993.9.1175"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0501275102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.76.5.2150-2158.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.23.12838-12847.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4401462"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.1995.11.963"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0882-4010(87)90056-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-71-12-2909"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/500952"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2005.09.040"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890360312"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.66.2.956-965.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.12.039"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/289189a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.11.5867-5874.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-3527(08)60268-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0676.1983.tb00889.x","volume":"3","year":"1983","unstructured":"Ramadori, G., M. Lenzi, H. P. Dienes, and K. H. Meyer zum B\u00fcschenfelde. 1983. Binding properties of mechanically and enzymatically isolated hepatocytes for IgG and C3. Liver3:358-368.","journal-title":"Liver"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","first-page":"790","year":"1988","unstructured":"Robinson, W. E., D. C. Montefiori, and W. M. Mitchell. 1988. Antibody-dependent enhancement of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Lanceti:790-794.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.5.1759"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI21512"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20581"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","first-page":"283","volume":"53","year":"1984","unstructured":"Sancho, J., E. Gonzalez, J. F. Escanero, and J. Egido. 1984. Binding kinetics of monomeric and aggregated IgG to Kupffer cells and hepatocytes of mice. Immunology53:283-289.","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.3.2134-2146.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199910010-00005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.64.11.5605-5610.1990"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115802"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1993.tb05955.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/088282403763635465"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.171.5.1791"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.1995.11.343"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.80853-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.1990.6.629"}],"container-title":["Journal of Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JVI.01867-07","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JVI.01867-07","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]],"date-time":"2024-02-20T16:03:59Z","timestamp":1708445039000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/JVI.01867-07"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/JVI.01867-07"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jvi.01867-07","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-538X","1098-5514"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-538X","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5514","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2007-08-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2007-12-07","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2008-03-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}