{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T14:08:44Z","timestamp":1780582124479,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,1]],"date-time":"2011-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1298937600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Factors controlling the dominance of antibody responses to specific sites in viruses and\/or protein antigens are ill defined but can be of great importance for the induction of potent immune responses to vaccines. West Nile virus and other related important human-pathogenic flaviviruses display the major target of neutralizing antibodies, the E protein, in an icosahedral shell at the virion surface. Potent neutralizing antibodies were shown to react with the upper surface of domain III (DIII) of this protein. Using the West Nile virus system, we conducted a study on the immunodominance and functional quality of E-specific antibody responses after immunization of mice with soluble protein E (sE) and isolated DIII in comparison to those after immunization with inactivated whole virions. With both virion and sE, the neutralizing response was dominated by DIII-specific antibodies, but the functionality of these antibodies was almost four times higher after virion immunization. Antibodies induced by the isolated DIII had an at least 15-fold lower specific neutralizing activity than those induced by the virion, and only 50% of these antibodies were able to bind to virus particles. Our results suggest that immunization with the tightly packed E in virions focuses the DIII antibody response to the externally exposed sites of this domain which are the primary targets for virus neutralization, different from sE and isolated DIII, which also display protein surfaces that are cryptic in the virion. Despite its low potency for priming, DIII was an excellent boosting antigen, suggesting novel vaccination strategies that strengthen and focus the antibody response to critical neutralizing sites in DIII.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01886-10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,9]],"date-time":"2010-12-09T03:11:06Z","timestamp":1291864266000},"page":"1994-2003","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Immunodominance and Functional Activities of Antibody Responses to Inactivated West Nile Virus and Recombinant Subunit Vaccines in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Juergen","family":"Zlatkovic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1095, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Stiasny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1095, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franz X.","family":"Heinz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1095, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00430-007-0043-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.24.13097-13100.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.6.2759-2765.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-008-0050-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.8.4002-4007.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","unstructured":"Ph.D. thesis. 2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/dna.2006.0547"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2009.245"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.80411-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.24.13975-13986.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004991"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2008.00676.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibtech.2008.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","unstructured":"Virus taxonomy. 2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0b013e32832edc19"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00606-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/521911"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/erv.09.139"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0264-410X(95)00133-L"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6822(83)80010-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-57-2-263"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2003.09.024"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2006.01818.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00696-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01735-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0603488103"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2006.74.266"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.06.031"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00660-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)00660-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00316-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M506614200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","first-page":"1101","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lindenbach, B. D., H.-J. Thiel, and C. M. Rice. 2007. Flaviviridae: the viruses and their replication, p. 1101-1152. In D. M. Knipe, P. M. Howley, D. E. Griffin, R. A. Lamb, M. A. Martin, B. Roizman, and S. E. Straus (ed.), Fields virology, 5th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA.","journal-title":"Fields virology"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb.1382"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-70-8-2037"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0832193100"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.2.1223-1231.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1089316"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000060"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01125-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03956"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1240"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00643-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01732-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.59.10.3504-3510.1991"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1462399408000665"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2008.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","unstructured":"Vaccines 2008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/375291a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-3527(03)59005-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1998.9200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2006.08.047"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00284-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-7-146"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00018-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.09.069"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00080-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00432-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00551-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","first-page":"e377","volume":"14","year":"2010","unstructured":"Valdes, I., et al. 2010. Heterologous prime-boost strategy in non-human primates combining the infective dengue virus and a recombinant protein in a formulation suitable for human use. Int. J. Infect. Dis. 14:e377-e383.","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08898"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2009.06.037"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M307776200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(03)00042-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nsb990"}],"container-title":["Journal of Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JVI.01886-10","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JVI.01886-10","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T16:23:20Z","timestamp":1646497400000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/JVI.01886-10"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/JVI.01886-10"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jvi.01886-10","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-538X","1098-5514"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-538X","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5514","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2010-09-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2010-12-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2011-02-04","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}