{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T22:14:18Z","timestamp":1789683258246,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]],"date-time":"2020-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588550400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Special Research Program of China for Important Infectious Disease","award":["2018ZX10302103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018ZX10302103"]}]},{"name":"National Special Research Program of China for Important Infectious Disease","award":["2017ZX10202102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017ZX10202102"]}]},{"name":"Joint-Innovation Program in Healthcare for Special Scientific Research Projects of Guangzhou","award":["201803040002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201803040002"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81730060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81730060"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81561128007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81561128007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019M663214"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019M663214"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>HIV-1 latency is systematically modulated by host factors and viral proteins. During this process, the suppression of HIV-1 transcription plays an essential role in promoting HIV-1 latency. In this study, we found that PIWIL4 repressed HIV-1 promoter activity and maintained HIV-1 latency. In particular, we report that PIWIL4 can regulate gene expression through its association with the suppressive activity of HDAC4. Therefore, we have identified a new function for PIWIL4: it is not only a suppressor of endogenous retrotransposons but also plays an important role in inhibiting transcription and leading to latent infection of HIV-1, a well-known exogenous retrovirus. Our results also indicate a novel therapeutic target to reactivate the HIV-1 latent reservoir.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01923-19","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,6]],"date-time":"2020-03-06T10:14:55Z","timestamp":1583489695000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["PIWIL4 Maintains HIV-1 Latency by Enforcing Epigenetically Suppressive Modifications on the 5\u2032 Long Terminal Repeat"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Zhangping","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuliang","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingliang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhilin","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingfeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiancai","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liyang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linghua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People\u2019s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiping","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People\u2019s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoping","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou Eighth People\u2019s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junsong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Antimicrobial Agent and Immunotechnology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.24.13193"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.278.5341.1295"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.278.5341.1291"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm880"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/487439a"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11286"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004473"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(14)70014-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1005142"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7601516"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02585-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1202174109"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.496489"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.09.044"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7601517"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.103531"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2013.02.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2017.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.42426"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1819386116"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2007.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02408-17"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA118.002018"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkz117"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7600488"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1102514"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043816"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.01.043"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1989510"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.08.027"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04916"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04917"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1434406"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1130164"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.1425706"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.03.040"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08501"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku620"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1500805"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1000855"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.110.598391"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.2565011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkr298"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2011.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27267"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv214"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2007.05.136"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcb.2017.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv954"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.02.057"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.10.040"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.1150190806"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1089670"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.25199"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5483\/BMBRep.2019.52.3.146"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00237-17"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.4.2855-2864.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.46.6.1896-1905.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.00080"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-7915(99)80077-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/384375a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003834"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11730"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000495"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/cdg188"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3489"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3352"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-6-111"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02519"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb777"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1106676108"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00133-17"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1001354"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-018-0462-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1011091300321"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200207260-00004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/344357"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2012.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1210204"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/rna.24285"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2014.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2012.237"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.371799"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2016.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02823-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1387\/ijdb.082698mm"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.9.4868"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0136801"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI61084"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2011.22"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.E17-06-0410"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.36768"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.2674"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2019.1635380"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.11.5670-5678.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00852-16"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.03137-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/1-59259-907-9:003"}],"container-title":["Journal of Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JVI.01923-19","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JVI.01923-19","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T14:55:11Z","timestamp":1646492111000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/JVI.01923-19"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Guido","family":"Silvestri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]]},"references-count":100,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/JVI.01923-19"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jvi.01923-19","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-538X","1098-5514"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-538X","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5514","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-11-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-02-21","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-05-04","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e01923-19"}}