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The diverse viral virulence phenotypes underline the need to investigate the possible genetic determinants for evaluating the pandemic potential to human public health. Here, we found that multiple genotypes of influenza viruses cocirculate in the swine population in Liaoning Province, China. Furthermore, we pinpointed a single amino acid at position 431 in the PB2 protein which plays a critical role in the virulence of H1N1 viruses in mice and found that the alteration of viral polymerase activities is the cause of the different virulence. Our study further indicated that the virulence of influenza virus is a polygenic trait, and the newly identified virulence-related residue in the PB2 provides important information for broadening knowledge on the genetic basis of viral virulence of influenza viruses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01930-19","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,29]],"date-time":"2020-01-29T10:41:28Z","timestamp":1580294488000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["A Single Amino Acid at Position 431 of the PB2 Protein Determines the Virulence of H1N1 Swine Influenza Viruses in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Chengzhi","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People\u2019s Republic of 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