{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T10:48:55Z","timestamp":1783334935682,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744675200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title\/>\n            <jats:p>Immunization with COVID-19 vaccines has greatly reduced COVID-19-related deaths and hospitalizations from SARS-CoV-2 infection, but waning immunity and the emergence of variants capable of immune escape indicate the need for annual vaccine updates or development of different SARS-CoV-2 vaccine platforms. Parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5)-vectored intranasal COVID-19 vaccine with the ancestral spike (S) protein (CVXGA1) has been shown to be a promising next-generation COVID-19 vaccine preclinically and is currently being evaluated in humans. This work investigates the immunogenicity and efficacy of CVXGA1 and other PIV5-vectored vaccine candidates expressing additional SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein (N) antigen or SARS-CoV-2 variant S proteins of beta, delta, gamma, and omicron variants against homologous and heterologous challenges in hamsters. A single intranasal dose of CVXGA1 induces neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) against SARS-CoV-2 WA1 (ancestral), delta variant, and omicron variant and protects against both homologous and heterologous virus challenges. Compared to mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, neutralizing antibody titers induced by CVXGA1 were well maintained over time. When administered as a booster following two doses of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, PIV5-vectored vaccines expressing the S protein from WA1 (CVXGA1), delta, or omicron variants generate higher levels of cross-reactive nAbs than three doses of mRNA vaccine. Our data indicate that an intranasal PIV5-vectored COVID-19 vaccine can serve as a booster vaccine against emerging variants.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>With emerging new variants of concern (VOC), SARS-CoV-2 continues to be a major threat to human health. Approved COVID-19 vaccines have been less effective against these emerging VOCs. This work demonstrates the protective efficacy and strong boosting effect of an intranasal viral-vectored vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 variants in hamsters. Our intranasal vaccine can act as an effective booster for individuals already 58 vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.01989-24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]],"date-time":"2025-03-21T13:35:44Z","timestamp":1742564144000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Efficacy of parainfluenza virus 5 (PIV5)-vectored intranasal COVID-19 vaccine as a single dose primer and booster against SARS-CoV-2 variants"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"99","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6345-4830","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashley C.","family":"Beavis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CyanVac LLC","place":["Athens, USA"]},{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia","place":["Athens, 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