{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:14:13Z","timestamp":1792804453887,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,15]],"date-time":"2012-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1355529600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Human rhinovirus species C (HRV-C) was recently discovered using molecular diagnostic techniques and is associated with lower respiratory tract disease, particularly in children. HRV-C cannot be propagated in immortalized cell lines, and currently sinus organ culture is the only system described that is permissive to HRV-C infection\n                    <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    . However, the utility of organ culture for studying HRV-C biology is limited. Here, we report that a previously described HRV-C derived from an infectious cDNA, HRV-C15, infects and propagates in fully differentiated human airway epithelial cells but not in undifferentiated cells. We demonstrate that this differentiated epithelial cell culture system supports infection and replication of a second virus generated from a cDNA clone, HRV-C11. We show that HRV-C15 virions preferentially bind fully differentiated airway epithelial cells, suggesting that the block to replication in undifferentiated cells is at the step of viral entry. Consistent with previous reports, HRV-C15 utilizes a cellular receptor other than ICAM-1 or LDLR for infection of differentiated epithelial cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that HRV-C15 replication can be inhibited by an HRV 3C protease inhibitor (rupintrivir) but not an HRV capsid inhibitor previously under clinical development (pleconaril). The HRV-C cell culture system described here provides a powerful tool for studying the biology of HRV-C and the discovery and development of HRV-C inhibitors.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.02094-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,4]],"date-time":"2012-10-04T21:08:10Z","timestamp":1349384890000},"page":"13524-13532","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Infection and Propagation of Human Rhinovirus C in Human Airway Epithelial Cells"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Weidong","family":"Hao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie","family":"Bernard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nita","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy","family":"Ulbrandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Svabek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Stracener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathy","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JoAnn","family":"Suzich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wade","family":"Blair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01310997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2358"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2005.02.054"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_MeetingAbstracts.A1028"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2005.10.035"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","unstructured":"DoddS. 2010. 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