{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T17:49:33Z","timestamp":1774892973406,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":81,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,15]],"date-time":"2018-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1523750400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008982","name":"MoSTR | National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DBI-0939454"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DBI-0939454"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008982","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000958","name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000958","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            In 2016, Michigan experienced the largest outbreak of shigellosis, a type of bacillary dysentery caused by\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Shigella<\/jats:named-content>\n            spp., since 1988. Following this outbreak, we isolated 16 novel\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Shigella<\/jats:named-content>\n            -infecting bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria) from environmental water sources. Most well-known bacteriophages infect the common laboratory species\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            and\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Salmonella enterica<\/jats:named-content>\n            , and these phages have built the foundation of molecular and bacteriophage biology. Until now, comparatively few bacteriophages were known to infect\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Shigella<\/jats:named-content>\n            spp., which are close relatives of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">E. coli<\/jats:named-content>\n            . We present a comprehensive analysis of these phages' host ranges, genomes, and structures, revealing genome sizes and capsid properties that are shared by very few previously described phages. After sequencing, a majority of the\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Shigella<\/jats:named-content>\n            phages were found to have genomes of an uncommon size, shared by only 2% of all reported phage genomes. To investigate the structural implications of this unusual genome size, we used cryo-electron microscopy to resolve their capsid structures. We determined that these bacteriophage capsids have similarly uncommon geometry. Only two other viruses with this capsid structure have been described. Since most well-known bacteriophages infect\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Escherichia<\/jats:named-content>\n            or\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Salmonella<\/jats:named-content>\n            , our understanding of bacteriophages has been limited to a subset of well-described systems. Continuing to isolate phages using nontraditional strains of bacteria can fill gaps that currently exist in bacteriophage biology. In addition, the prevalence of\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Shigella<\/jats:named-content>\n            phages during a shigellosis outbreak may suggest a potential impact of human health epidemics on local microbial communities.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:bold>\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Shigella<\/jats:named-content>\n            spp. bacteria are causative agents of dysentery and affect more than 164 million people worldwide every year. Despite the need to combat antibiotic-resistant\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Shigella<\/jats:named-content>\n            strains, relatively few\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Shigella<\/jats:named-content>\n            -infecting bacteriophages have been described. By specifically looking for\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Shigella<\/jats:named-content>\n            -infecting phages, this work has identified new isolates that (i) may be useful to combat\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Shigella<\/jats:named-content>\n            infections and (ii) fill gaps in our knowledge of bacteriophage biology. The rare qualities of these new isolates emphasize the importance of isolating phages on \u201cnontraditional\u201d laboratory strains of bacteria to more fully understand both the basic biology and diversity of bacteriophages.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.02117-17","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,5]],"date-time":"2018-02-05T10:06:22Z","timestamp":1517825182000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Shigella Phages Isolated during a Dysentery Outbreak Reveal Uncommon Structures and Broad Species Diversity"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Sarah M.","family":"Doore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason R.","family":"Schrad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William F.","family":"Dean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Dover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6095-0628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristin N.","family":"Parent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115933"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","unstructured":"Michigan Department of Health and Human Services. 2016. 2016 Shigellosis outbreak\u2014Genessee and Saginaw Counties. http:\/\/www.michigan.gov\/mdhhs\/0 5885 7-339-71550_5104_53072-397310- 00.html."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","unstructured":"Ingham County Health Department. 17 October 2016. 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