{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T15:23:38Z","timestamp":1790004218880,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,15]],"date-time":"2013-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1384473600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Rabies virus (RABV), which is transmitted via a bite wound caused by a rabid animal, infects peripheral nerves and then spreads to the central nervous system (CNS) before causing severe neurological symptoms and death in the infected individual. Despite the importance of this ability of the virus to spread from a peripheral site to the CNS (neuroinvasiveness) in the pathogenesis of rabies, little is known about the mechanism underlying the neuroinvasiveness of RABV. In this study, to obtain insights into the mechanism, we conducted comparative analysis of two fixed RABV strains, Nishigahara and the derivative strain Ni-CE, which cause lethal and asymptomatic infections, respectively, in mice after intramuscular inoculation. Examination of a series of chimeric viruses harboring the respective genes from Nishigahara in the genetic background of Ni-CE revealed that the Nishigahara phosphoprotein (P) gene plays a major role in the neuroinvasiveness by mediating infection of peripheral nerves. The results obtained from both\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            and\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            experiments strongly suggested that the Nishigahara P gene, but not the Ni-CE P gene, is important for stable viral replication in muscle cells. Further investigation based on the previous finding that RABV phosphoprotein counteracts the host interferon (IFN) system demonstrated that the Nishigahara P gene, but not the Ni-CE P gene, functions to suppress expression of the beta interferon (IFN-\u03b2) gene (\n            <jats:italic>Ifn<\/jats:italic>\n            -\u03b2) and IFN-stimulated genes in muscle cells. In conclusion, we provide the first data strongly suggesting that RABV phosphoprotein assists viral replication in muscle cells by counteracting the host IFN system and, consequently, enhances infection of peripheral nerves.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.02132-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,12]],"date-time":"2013-09-12T02:23:49Z","timestamp":1378952629000},"page":"12327-12338","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Involvement of the Rabies Virus Phosphoprotein Gene in Neuroinvasiveness"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Satoko","family":"Yamaoka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoto","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan"},{"name":"Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seii","family":"Ohka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Neurovirology Project Department of Genome Medicine, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shohei","family":"Kaneda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"JST CREST, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroko","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"JST CREST, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Agari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsunori","family":"Masatani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keisuke","family":"Nakagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuma","family":"Okada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kota","family":"Okadera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiromichi","family":"Mitake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teruo","family":"Fujii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan"},{"name":"JST CREST, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Sugiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan"},{"name":"Laboratory of Zoonotic Diseases, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012369366-2\/50010-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"360","article-title":"Re-evaluating the burden of rabies in Africa and Asia","volume":"83","author":"Knobel DL","year":"2005","unstructured":"KnobelDLCleavelandSColemanPGFevreEMMeltzerMIMirandaMEShawAZinsstagJMeslinFX. 2005. Re-evaluating the burden of rabies in Africa and Asia. Bull. World Health Organ. 83:360\u2013368.","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.56.1.12-18.1985"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00011-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02220-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.19.10537-10547.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","first-page":"36","article-title":"Experimental rabies in skunks: immunofluorescence light and electron microscopic studies","volume":"41","author":"Charlton KM","year":"1979","unstructured":"CharltonKMCaseyGA. 1979. Experimental rabies in skunks: immunofluorescence light and electron microscopic studies. Lab. Invest. 41:36\u201344.","journal-title":"Lab. Invest."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004010050674"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","first-page":"361","article-title":"Comparative pathogenesis of rabies and rabies-like viruses. Viral infection and transit from inoculation site to the central nervous system","volume":"28","author":"Murphy FA","year":"1973","unstructured":"MurphyFABauerSPHarrisonAKWinnWCJr. 1973. Comparative pathogenesis of rabies and rabies-like viruses. Viral infection and transit from inoculation site to the central nervous system. Lab. Invest. 28:361\u2013376.","journal-title":"Lab. Invest."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.68.589"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.63.8.3550-3554.1989"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.65.5.2736-2738.1991"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-56-2-371"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012369366-2\/50004-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1205931"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.12.7673-7681.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.80.6.2675-2683.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.045542"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01427-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.22.14411-14420.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01930-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.62.1.1-7.1988"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/10.19.2109"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2006.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0407289101"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13550280009018301"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02327-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-012-1402-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2012.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2006.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2006.tb03767.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.2003.tb03424.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1348-0421.1994.tb01806.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth777"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2006.316"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4547(19990101)55:1<119::AID-JNR13>3.0.CO;2-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ten.tec.2010.0040"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01342-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/neu.10322"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1064913"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2009.04.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-9-261"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002382"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02396-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000149762"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","first-page":"119","article-title":"The pathogenesis of street rabies virus in rats","volume":"38","author":"Baer GM","year":"1968","unstructured":"BaerGMShanthaTRBourneGH. 1968. The pathogenesis of street rabies virus in rats. Bull. World Health Organ. 38:119\u2013125.","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-196510000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.83391-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-43-1-247"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","first-page":"807","article-title":"An effective rabies treatment in exposed monkeys: a single dose of interferon inducer and vaccine","volume":"57","author":"Baer GM","year":"1979","unstructured":"BaerGMMooreSAShaddockJHLevyHB. 1979. An effective rabies treatment in exposed monkeys: a single dose of interferon inducer and vaccine. Bull. World Health Organ. 57:807\u2013813.","journal-title":"Bull. World Health Organ."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/136.2.286"}],"container-title":["Journal of Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JVI.02132-13","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JVI.02132-13","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T15:30:37Z","timestamp":1646494237000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/JVI.02132-13"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,15]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"22","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/JVI.02132-13"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jvi.02132-13","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-538X","1098-5514"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-538X","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5514","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2013-08-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-09-02","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-10-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}