{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T02:58:10Z","timestamp":1774925890384,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,15]],"date-time":"2014-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1416009600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Since the 1960s, simian hemorrhagic fever virus (SHFV;\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Nidovirales<\/jats:named-content>\n            ,\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Arteriviridae<\/jats:named-content>\n            ) has caused highly fatal outbreaks of viral hemorrhagic fever in captive Asian macaque colonies. However, the source(s) of these outbreaks and the natural reservoir(s) of this virus remain obscure. Here we report the identification of two novel, highly divergent simian arteriviruses related to SHFV, Mikumi yellow baboon virus 1 (MYBV-1) and Southwest baboon virus 1 (SWBV-1), in wild and captive baboons, respectively, and demonstrate the recent transmission of SWBV-1 among captive baboons. These findings extend our knowledge of the genetic and geographic diversity of the simian arteriviruses, identify baboons as a natural host of these viruses, and provide further evidence that baboons may have played a role in previous outbreaks of simian hemorrhagic fever in macaques, as has long been suspected. This knowledge should aid in the prevention of disease outbreaks in captive macaques and supports the growing body of evidence that suggests that simian arterivirus infections are common in Old World monkeys of many different species throughout Africa.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:bold>\n            Historically, the emergence of primate viruses both in humans and in other primate species has caused devastating outbreaks of disease. One strategy for preventing the emergence of novel primate pathogens is to identify microbes with the potential for cross-species transmission in their natural state within reservoir species from which they might emerge. Here, we detail the discovery and characterization of two related simian members of the\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Arteriviridae<\/jats:named-content>\n            family that have a history of disease emergence and host switching. Our results expand the phylogenetic and geographic range of the simian arteriviruses and define baboons as a natural host for these viruses. Our findings also identify a potential threat to captive macaque colonies by showing that simian arteriviruses are actively circulating in captive baboons.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.02203-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,4]],"date-time":"2014-09-04T17:34:18Z","timestamp":1409852058000},"page":"13231-13239","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Two Novel Simian Arteriviruses in Captive and Wild Baboons (Papio spp.)"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Adam L.","family":"Bailey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin\u2014Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"},{"name":"Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Lauck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin\u2014Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"},{"name":"Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel D.","family":"Sibley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin\u2014Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jerilyn","family":"Pecotte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Rice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey","family":"Weny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alex","family":"Tumukunde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Hyeroba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Greene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin\u2014Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"},{"name":"Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Correll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Wisconsin\u2014Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Gleicher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, University of Wisconsin\u2014Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas C.","family":"Friedrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin\u2014Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter B.","family":"Jahrling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jens H.","family":"Kuhn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tony L.","family":"Goldberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin\u2014Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA"},{"name":"Human Genome Sequencing Center, 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Studies on simian hemorrhagic fever virus infection of patas monkeys. I. Serology, p 167\u2013170. In MontaliRJMigakiG (ed), The comparative pathology of zoo animals. Proceedings of a symposium held at the National Zoological Park, Smithsonian Institution [Washington], October 2\u20134, 1978. Smithsonian University Press, Washington, DC."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","first-page":"988","article-title":"Method to detect asymptomatic carriers of simian hemorrhagic fever virus","volume":"30","author":"Gravell M","year":"1980","unstructured":"GravellMPalmerAERodriguezMLondonWTHamiltonRS. 1980. Method to detect asymptomatic carriers of simian hemorrhagic fever virus. Lab. Anim. Sci. 30:988\u2013991.","journal-title":"Lab. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","first-page":"1023","article-title":"Review of some outbreaks of viral disease in captive nonhuman primates","volume":"21","author":"Espana C","year":"1971","unstructured":"EspanaC. 1971. 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