{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T10:18:25Z","timestamp":1785406705978,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFD1400700"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFD1400700"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019339","name":"Initiative Scientific Research Program","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2023IOZ010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023IOZ010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019339","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Spodoptera frugiperda<\/jats:italic>\n                      poses a significant threat as a polyphagous agricultural pest. Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV), a broad-spectrum baculovirus with established activity against multiple lepidopteran pests, represents an environmentally benign biocontrol candidate. However, its efficacy against\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. frugiperda<\/jats:italic>\n                      is constrained by limited oral infectivity. Here, serial passaging in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. frugiperda<\/jats:italic>\n                      yielded a mutant strain of AcMNPV (AcMNPV-Mut) with significantly enhanced oral infectivity relative to the wild strain AcMNPV (AcMNPV-Wt). Importantly, while both oral infectivity and overall virulence (shortened LT\u2085\u2080 and increased mortality) against\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. frugiperda<\/jats:italic>\n                      were enhanced, the virus maintained its ability to effectively infect and cause disease in other insect hosts, like\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Helicoverpa armigera<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Whole-genome sequencing identified a missense mutation in\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ac34<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Functional characterization of a recombinant virus harboring this mutation revealed that the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ac34<\/jats:italic>\n                      variant contributes to virulence augmentation through dual pathways: elevated budded viruses (BVs) production facilitating secondary infection, and upregulated late and very late gene expression, which improves occlusion-derived virus (ODV) embedding within occlusion bodies (OBs), and may lead to an increase in OB size, contributing to a higher viral load per particle, and thereby enhancing primary infectivity. The\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ac34<\/jats:italic>\n                      mutation enhances primary and secondary infection, promoting virulence evolution and providing a molecular target for biopesticide design.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:sec>\n                      <jats:title>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:title>\n                      <jats:p>\n                        In this study, we found that Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) undergoes adaptive mutations after serial passages in the semi-permissive host\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Spodoptera frugiperda<\/jats:italic>\n                        , driven by mutation in\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ac34<\/jats:italic>\n                        . These mutations not only significantly increase viral replication within this pest but also improve the packaging and infectivity of viral particles. This coordinated optimization allows the virus to achieve higher effective doses in a short time, synergistically enhancing its control efficiency against\n                        <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. frugiperda<\/jats:italic>\n                        . Importantly, the mutation does not compromise the virus\u2019s pathogenicity toward its original permissive hosts, underscoring its potential utility in single-application strategies for integrated pest management. These findings provide new molecular insights for designing efficient and broadly applicable biocontrol agents, contributing to more sustainable management of agricultural pests and reduced reliance on chemical pesticides.\n                      <\/jats:p>\n                    <\/jats:sec>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.02204-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T13:02:41Z","timestamp":1779282161000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Enhanced virulence of Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus in\n                    <i>Spodoptera frugiperda<\/i>\n                    is mediated by an Ac34 mutation that promotes nucleocapsid envelopment within occlusion bodies"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Wenyi","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01wtxm109","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Biodiversity Conservation and Integrated Pest Management, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05qbk4x57","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","place":["Beijing, China"]},{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01p884a79","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"College of Life Sciences, Hebei University","place":["Hebei, China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01wtxm109","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"publisher"}],"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Biodiversity Conservation and 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