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It has been shown that type I interferon (IFN) responses induced early in the infection of mice can drive memory (CD44hi) CD8 and CD4 T cells into apoptosis, and we questioned here whether the apoptosis of CD44-expressing Treg cells might be involved in the infection-associated autoimmune development. Instead, we found that Treg cells were much more resistant to apoptosis than CD44hi CD8 and CD4 T cells at days 2 to 3 after lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection, when type I IFN levels are high. The infection caused a downregulation of the interleukin-7 (IL-7) receptor, needed for survival of conventional T cells, while increasing on Treg cells the expression of the high-affinity IL-2 receptor, needed for STAT5-dependent survival of Treg cells. The stably maintained Treg cells early during infection may explain the relatively low incidence of autoimmune manifestations among infected patients.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:bold>Autoimmune diseases are controlled in part by regulatory T cells (Treg) and are thought to sometimes be initiated by viral infections. We tested the hypothesis that Treg may die off at early stages of infection, when virus-induced factors kill other lymphocyte types. Instead, we found that Treg resisted this cell death, perhaps reducing the tendency of viral infections to cause immune dysfunction and induce autoimmunity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.02245-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,4]],"date-time":"2014-12-04T05:27:20Z","timestamp":1417670840000},"page":"2112-2120","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Regulatory T Cells Resist Virus Infection-Induced Apoptosis"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Jenny W.","family":"Che","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anke R. 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