{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T05:42:56Z","timestamp":1778910176434,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,1]],"date-time":"2009-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1235865600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>An effective AIDS vaccine must control highly diverse circulating strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Among HIV-1 gene products, the envelope (Env) protein contains variable as well as conserved regions. In this report, an informatic approach to the design of T-cell vaccines directed to HIV-1 Env M group global sequences was tested. Synthetic Env antigens were designed to express mosaics that maximize the inclusion of common potential T-cell epitope (PTE) 9-mers and minimize the inclusion of rare epitopes likely to elicit strain-specific responses. DNA vaccines were evaluated using intracellular cytokine staining in inbred mice with a standardized panel of highly conserved 15-mer PTE peptides. One-, two-, and three-mosaic sets that increased theoretical epitope coverage were developed. The breadth and magnitude of T-cell immunity stimulated by these vaccines were compared to those for natural strain Envs; additional comparisons were performed on mutant Envs, including gp160 or gp145 with or without V regions and gp41 deletions. Among them, the two- or three-mosaic Env sets elicited the optimal CD4 and CD8 responses. These responses were most evident in CD8 T cells; the three-mosaic set elicited responses to an average of eight peptide pools, compared to two pools for a set of three natural Envs. Synthetic mosaic HIV-1 antigens can therefore induce T-cell responses with expanded breadth and may facilitate the development of effective T-cell-based HIV-1 vaccines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.02256-08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,24]],"date-time":"2008-12-24T20:35:02Z","timestamp":1230150902000},"page":"2201-2215","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Expanded Breadth of the T-Cell Response to Mosaic Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope DNA Vaccination"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Wing-Pui","family":"Kong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 40, Room 4502, MSC-3005, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3005"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 40, Room 4502, MSC-3005, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3005"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy C.","family":"Wallstrom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory, MS K710, T-10, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Will","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory, MS K710, T-10, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhi-Yong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 40, Room 4502, MSC-3005, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3005"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sung-Youl","family":"Ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 40, Room 4502, MSC-3005, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3005"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norman L.","family":"Letvin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Viral Pathogenesis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, RE113, P.O. Box 15732, Boston, Massachusetts 02115"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barton F.","family":"Haynes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, MSRBII Building, Room 4085, P.O. Box 103020, Research Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27710"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beatrice H.","family":"Hahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Kaul 816, 720 20th Street South, Birmingham, Alabama 35294"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bette","family":"Korber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory, MS K710, T-10, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545"},{"name":"Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gary J.","family":"Nabel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 40, Room 4502, MSC-3005, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3005"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.14.8991-9005.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.14.8828-8834.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.02.050"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.11.5357-5368.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.17.11214-11224.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1461"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3282f42412"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","first-page":"1517","volume":"299","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gao, F., T. 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