{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,28]],"date-time":"2025-04-28T22:22:42Z","timestamp":1745878962584},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1\u03b2) is an inflammatory cytokine that is secreted in response to inflammasome activation by innate microbe-sensing pathways. Although some retroviruses can trigger IL-1\u03b2 secretion through the DNA-sensing molecule IFI16, the effect of IL-1\u03b2 on the course of infection is unknown. To test whether IL-1\u03b2 secretion affects retroviral replication\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            , I constructed a novel murine leukemia virus strain (FMLV-IL-1\u03b2) that encodes the mature form of IL-1\u03b2. This virus replicated with kinetics similar to that of wild-type virus in tissue culture but caused a dramatically more aggressive infection of both C57BL\/6 and BALB\/c mice. By 7 days postinfection (PI), mice infected with FMLV-IL-1\u03b2 exhibited splenomegaly and viral loads 300-fold higher than those in mice infected with wild-type FMLV. Furthermore, the enlarged spleens of FMLV-IL-1\u03b2-infected mice correlated with a large expansion of Gr-1\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            CD11b\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            myeloid-derived suppressor cells, as well as elevated levels of immune activation. Although FMLV-IL-1\u03b2 infection was controlled by C57BL\/6 mice by 14 days p.i., FMLV-IL-1\u03b2 was able to establish a significant persistent infection and immune activation in BALB\/c mice. These results demonstrate that IL-1\u03b2 secretion is a powerful positive regulator of retroviral infection and that FMLV-IL-1\u03b2 represents a new model of proinflammatory retroviral infection.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:bold>\n            Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1\u03b2) is an inflammatory cytokine released in response to activation of innate pathogen-sensing pathways during microbial infection. To examine the potential impact of IL-1\u03b2 on retroviral replication\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            , I constructed a novel mouse retrovirus strain (FMLV-IL-1\u03b2) that encodes IL-1\u03b2 and promotes abundant IL-1\u03b2 secretion from infected cells. This virus replicates with normal kinetics in cultured cells but displays a dramatically enhanced ability to replicate in mice and caused persistent infection and immune activation in the BALB\/c strain of mice. These results establish IL-1\u03b2 as a positive regulator of retroviral replication and suggest that targeting this pathway may have therapeutic benefits in infections with proinflammatory retroviruses. This virus can also be used to further study the impact of inflammatory pathways on retroviral infection.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.02314-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,16]],"date-time":"2014-10-16T03:31:00Z","timestamp":1413430260000},"page":"155-164","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["An Interleukin-1 Beta-Encoding Retrovirus Exhibits Enhanced Replication\n            <i>In Vivo<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Edward P.","family":"Browne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1152622"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01844-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/455591a"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002293"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2011.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.06235-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00788-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.12.7658"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI26032"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09337"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32831fb540"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2014.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1243640"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12940"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10555-006-9004-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30105"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10408363.2013.865702"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.65.2.823-828.1991"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.60.1.44"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-0934(91)90105-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(81)90619-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_25_2","volume-title":"Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals","author":"National Research Council","year":"2011","unstructured":"National Research Council. 2011. Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals, 8th ed. National Academies Press, Washington, DC.","edition":"8"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-199212000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt957"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01554-07"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201041037"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328354b43f"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01759-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200309050-00006"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/2167"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.15.7811"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/13787"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1161121"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.151.6.1493"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.156.1.146"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.68.8.5100-5107.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1482"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05115"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1119(99)00402-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0397-287"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.16.8720-8731.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_45_2","first-page":"425","article-title":"Lymphocytes and leukemia viruses: tropism and transtropism of murine leukemia virus","volume":"55","author":"Datta SK","year":"1975","unstructured":"Datta SK, Melief CJ, Schwartz RS. 1975. Lymphocytes and leukemia viruses: tropism and transtropism of murine leukemia virus. J Natl Cancer Inst 55:425\u2013432.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.189.11.1735"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/326711a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03401607"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1102048"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_50_2","first-page":"269","article-title":"Interleukin-1beta and interferon-gamma differentially regulate release of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and interleukin-8 by human bronchial epithelial cells","volume":"9","author":"van der Velden VH","year":"1998","unstructured":"van der Velden VH, Verheggen MM, Bernasconi S, Sozzani S, Naber BA, van der Linden-van Beurden CA, Hoogsteden HC, Mantovani A, Versnel M. 1998. Interleukin-1beta and interferon-gamma differentially regulate release of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and interleukin-8 by human bronchial epithelial cells. Eur Cytokine Netw 9:269\u2013277.","journal-title":"Eur Cytokine Netw"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.1.284"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08820139.2012.680635"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2011.01044.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2013.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3182392ebe"},{"key":"e_1_3_1_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.1998.18.321"}],"container-title":["Journal of Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JVI.02314-14","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JVI.02314-14","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T15:52:16Z","timestamp":1646495536000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/JVI.02314-14"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"K. L.","family":"Beemon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/JVI.02314-14"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jvi.02314-14","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-538X","1098-5514"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-538X","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5514","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-08-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-10-02","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2014-12-16","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}