{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T13:14:34Z","timestamp":1789823674362,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,1]],"date-time":"2016-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1451606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Canadian Safety and Security Program","award":["CP-1017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CP-1017"]}]},{"name":"Canadian Safety and Security Program","award":["CP-1017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CP-1017"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Infections with Sudan virus (SUDV), a member of the genus\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Ebolavirus<\/jats:named-content>\n            , result in a severe hemorrhagic fever with a fatal outcome in over 50% of human cases. The paucity of prophylactics and therapeutics against SUDV is attributed to the lack of a small-animal model to screen promising compounds. By repeatedly passaging SUDV within the livers and spleens of guinea pigs\n            <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n            , a guinea pig-adapted SUDV variant (SUDV-GA) uniformly lethal to these animals, with a 50% lethal dose (LD\n            <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n            ) of 5.3 \u00d7 10\n            <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n            50% tissue culture infective doses (TCID\n            <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n            ), was developed. Animals infected with SUDV-GA developed high viremia and died between 9 and 14 days postinfection. Several hallmarks of SUDV infection, including lymphadenopathy, increased liver enzyme activities, and coagulation abnormalities, were observed. Virological analyses and gross pathology, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry findings indicate that SUDV-GA replicates in the livers and spleens of infected animals similarly to SUDV infections in nonhuman primates. These developments will accelerate the development of specific medical countermeasures in preparation for a future disease outbreak due to SUDV.\n          <\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:bold>\n            A disease outbreak due to Ebola virus (EBOV), suspected to have emerged during December 2013 in Guinea, with over 11,000 dead and 28,000 infected, is finally winding down. Experimental EBOV vaccines and treatments were administered to patients under compassionate circumstances with promising results, and availability of an approved countermeasure appears to be close. However, the same range of experimental candidates against a potential disease outbreak caused by other members of the genus\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Ebolavirus<\/jats:named-content>\n            , such as Sudan virus (SUDV), is not readily available. One bottleneck contributing to this situation is the lack of a small-animal model to screen promising drugs in an efficient and economical manner. To address this, we have generated a SUDV variant (SUDV-GA) that is uniformly lethal to guinea pigs. Animals infected with SUDV-GA develop disease similar to that of SUDV-infected humans and monkeys. We believe that this model will significantly accelerate the development of life-saving measures against SUDV infections.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.02331-15","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,22]],"date-time":"2015-10-22T15:02:01Z","timestamp":1445526121000},"page":"392-399","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Development and Characterization of a Guinea Pig-Adapted Sudan Virus"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Gary","family":"Wong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shihua","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Infectious Disease, Henan Centre for Disease Control, Henan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Kroeker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Audet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Todd","family":"Cutts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Biosafety and Research Program, JC Wilt Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jill","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darwyn","family":"Kobasa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carissa","family":"Embury-Hyatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Food Inspection Agency, National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary P.","family":"Kobinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangguo","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","first-page":"271","article-title":"Ebola haemorrhagic fever in Zaire, 1976. 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World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland. http:\/\/apps.who.int\/ebola\/current-situation\/ebola-situation-report-30-september-2015."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1258"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3702"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2014.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13777"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/514292"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/514305"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-010-0814-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","unstructured":"CDC. 20 October 2015 posting date. Outbreaks chronology: Ebola virus disease. 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