{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T13:05:03Z","timestamp":1792155903699,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,15]],"date-time":"2008-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1216080000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) encodes numerous accessory proteins whose importance in the natural infection process is currently unclear. One of these accessory proteins is set apart by its function in the context of a related murine hepatitis virus (MHV) infection. SARS-CoV protein 6 increases MHV neurovirulence and accelerates MHV infection kinetics in tissue culture. Protein 6 also blocks nuclear import of macromolecules from the cytoplasm, a process known to involve its C-terminal residues interacting with cellular importins. In this study, protein 6 was expressed from plasmid DNAs and accumulated in cells prior to infection by wild-type MHV. Output of MHV progeny was significantly increased by preexisting protein 6. Protein 6 with C-terminal deletion mutations no longer interfered with nuclear import processes but still retained much of the capacity to augment MHV infections. However, some virus growth-enhancing activity could be ascribed to the C-terminal end of protein 6. To determine whether this augmentation provided by the C terminus was derived from interference with nuclear import, we evaluated the virus-modulating effects of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) directed against importin-\u03b2 mRNAs, which down-regulated classical nuclear import pathways. The siRNAs did indeed prime cells for enhanced MHV infection. Our findings indicated that protein 6-mediated nuclear import blocks augmented MHV infections but is clearly not the only way that this accessory protein operates to create a milieu conducive to robust virus growth. Thus, the SARS-CoV protein 6 accelerates MHV infections by more than one mechanism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.02406-07","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,1]],"date-time":"2008-05-01T00:54:02Z","timestamp":1209603242000},"page":"7212-7222","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Protein 6 Accelerates Murine Hepatitis Virus Infections by More than One Mechanism"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"82","author":[{"given":"Snawar","family":"Hussain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stanley","family":"Perlman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Program in Immunology, Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas M.","family":"Gallagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-33012-9_105"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00385-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1998.9361"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.64.2.421"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0403492101"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.1.251-259.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(80)90358-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.3800439"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mcb.7.8.2745-2752.1987"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","first-page":"267","volume":"118","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chen, Y. 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