{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T07:00:29Z","timestamp":1792738829239,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]],"date-time":"2013-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1364774400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Toscana virus (TOSV), which is transmitted by\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Phlebotomus<\/jats:named-content>\n            spp. sandflies, is a major etiologic agent of aseptic meningitis and encephalitis in the Mediterranean. Like other members of the genus\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Phlebovirus<\/jats:named-content>\n            of the family\n            <jats:named-content content-type=\"genus-species\">Bunyaviridae<\/jats:named-content>\n            , TOSV encodes a nonstructural protein (NSs) in its small RNA segment. Although the NSs of Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) has been identified as an important virulence factor, which suppresses host general transcription, inhibits transcription from the beta interferon promoter, and promotes the proteasomal degradation of double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR), little is known about the functions of NSs proteins encoded by less-pathogenic members of this genus. In this study we report that TOSV is able to downregulate PKR with similar efficiency as RVFV, while infection with the other phleboviruses\u2014i.e., Punta Toro virus, sandfly fever Sicilian virus, or Frijoles virus\u2014has no effect on cellular PKR levels. In contrast to RVFV, however, cellular transcription remains unaffected during TOSV infection. TOSV NSs protein promotes the proteasome-dependent downregulation of PKR and is able to interact with kinase-inactive PKR in infected cells.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.02506-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,17]],"date-time":"2013-01-17T01:27:56Z","timestamp":1358386076000},"page":"3710-3718","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Toscana Virus NSs Protein Promotes Degradation of Double-Stranded RNA-Dependent Protein Kinase"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Birte","family":"Kalveram","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetsuro","family":"Ikegami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA"},{"name":"Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA"},{"name":"Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.76.1194"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"1741","volume-title":"Fields virology","author":"Schmaljohn C","year":"2007","unstructured":"SchmaljohnC NicholS . 2007. 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