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It is dramatic at 2 to 4 days following lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection of mice and can be elicited by the IFN-inducing Toll receptor agonist poly(I:C). We show that this attrition occurs in many organs, indicating that it is due to T cell loss rather than redistribution. This loss correlated with elevated intracellular staining of T cells<jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>for activated caspases but with only low levels of<jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>staining with annexin V, probably due to the rapid clearance of apoptotic cells<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. Instead, a high frequency of annexin V-reactive CD8\u03b1<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>dendritic cells (DCs), which are known to be highly phagocytic, accumulated in the spleen as the memory T cell populations disappeared. After short<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>incubation, memory phenotype T cells isolated from LCMV-infected mice (day 3) or mice treated with poly(I:C) (12 h) displayed substantial DNA fragmentation, as detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, compared to T cells isolated from uninfected mice, indicating a role for apoptosis in the memory T cell attrition. This apoptosis of memory CD8 T cells early during LCMV infection was reduced in mice lacking the proapoptotic molecule Bim. Evidence is presented showing that high levels of T cell attrition, as found in young mice, correlate with reduced immunodomination by cross-reactive memory cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.02571-09","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,4]],"date-time":"2010-03-04T03:44:15Z","timestamp":1267674255000},"page":"4866-4877","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Analysis of Apoptosis of Memory T Cells and Dendritic Cells during the Early Stages of Viral Infection or Exposure to Toll-Like Receptor Agonists"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Kapil","family":"Bahl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anette","family":"Hu\u0308ebner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger J.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond M.","family":"Welsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Program in Immunology and Virology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.188.7.1359"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/32183"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.7.4284"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01948-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.12.040194.004313"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.286.5445.1735"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1072615"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni806"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4400690"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.178.12.7794"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V98.7.2183"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11130"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.05.023"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.3780021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2006.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00855-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.185.12.2133"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.5.3012"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.7.3353"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.3.1820"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.8.4352"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.12.6762"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4141(200206)32:6<1567::AID-IMMU1567>3.0.CO;2-P"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.5.3139"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/15690"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.1.248"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.13.5965-5976.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06307"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.4.1851"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.2002.01819.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01635-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.1998.01000.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","first-page":"243","volume":"330","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schneider-Schaulies, S., and J. 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