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Virus infects epithelial cells in the skin, kidney, intestine, and testes, although the importance of these findings is unclear. In the current study, we have observed that WNV infection of kidney tubules in mice coincides with the loss of expression of several members of the claudin family. Proteins of this family are often involved in epithelial barrier formation and function. WNV infection of epithelial cells in culture resulted in a decrease in the transepithelial electrical resistance, an increase in the efflux of mannitol across the monolayer, and a loss of intracellular levels of claudin-1 to -4. WNV capsid alone was sufficient for the degradation event, which was mediated through lysosomal proteases. Since epithelial cells are frequent sites of WNV infection, these observations imply a potential mechanism for virus dissemination and extraneural pathogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.02617-08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,16]],"date-time":"2009-04-16T00:40:39Z","timestamp":1239842439000},"page":"6125-6134","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["West Nile Virus Capsid Degradation of Claudin Proteins Disrupts Epithelial Barrier Function"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Guruprasad R.","family":"Medigeshi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health &amp; Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alec J.","family":"Hirsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health &amp; Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James D.","family":"Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health &amp; Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Uhrlaub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Medical Research Building, 1656 E. 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