{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T20:22:54Z","timestamp":1791058974942,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,1]],"date-time":"2009-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1241136000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells display a noncytotoxic activity that suppresses transcription of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in an antigen-independent and major histocompatibility complex-unrestricted manner. To date, the precise cellular and molecular factors mediating this CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T-cell effector function remain unsolved. Despite evidence indicating the dependence of the activity on cell-cell contact, the possibility of a membrane-mediated activity that represses transcription from the viral promoter remains unexplored. We therefore investigated whether this inhibition of HIV-1 transcription might be elicited by a membrane-bound determinant. Using a CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T-cell line displaying potent noncytotoxic HIV-1 suppression activity, we have identified a membrane-localized HIV-1-suppressing activity that is concomitantly secreted as 30- to 100-nm endosome-derived tetraspanin-rich vesicles known as exosomes. Purified exosomes from CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T-cell culture supernatant noncytotoxically suppressed CCR5-tropic (R5) and CXCR4-tropic (X4) replication of HIV-1 in vitro through a protein moiety. Similar antiviral activity was also found in exosomes isolated from two HIV-1-infected subjects. The antiviral exosomes specifically inhibited HIV-1 transcription in both acute and chronic models of infection. Our results, for the first time, indicate the existence of an antiviral membrane-bound factor consistent with the hallmarks defining noncytotoxic CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T-cell suppression of HIV-1.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.02629-08","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,4]],"date-time":"2009-02-04T21:10:57Z","timestamp":1233781857000},"page":"4354-4364","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Noncytotoxic Suppression of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Transcription by Exosomes Secreted from CD8\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    T Cells"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Ashwin","family":"Tumne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pittsburgh Retrovirus Laboratory, Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Varsha Shridhar","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pittsburgh Retrovirus Laboratory, Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pittsburgh Retrovirus Laboratory, Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donna B.","family":"Stolz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biological Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kunal","family":"Saha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biology, Columbus State Community College, Columbus, Ohio 43215"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deena M.","family":"Ratner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pittsburgh Retrovirus Laboratory, Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pittsburgh Retrovirus Laboratory, Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon C.","family":"Watkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biological Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phalguni","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pittsburgh Retrovirus Laboratory, Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Graduate School of Public Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cimm.1999.1551"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199706000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.23.13125"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.12.6777-6784.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.76.2.569-581.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.1993.9.1079"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/088922200309467"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/cdli.4.1.4-10.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1759(00)00321-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.270.5243.1811"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.1995.11.1321"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.1996.12.143"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.113.19.3365"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.32.20121"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.93.1.103"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M207079200"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00813503"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V94.11.3791"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1736"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cimm.1994.1313"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.140.7.2237","volume":"140","year":"1988","unstructured":"Kannagi, M., L. 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