{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:42:30Z","timestamp":1791420150478,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,15]],"date-time":"2011-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1308096000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            During acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, there is a massive depletion of CD4\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T cells in the gut mucosa that can be reversed to various degrees with antiretroviral therapy. Th17 cells have been implicated in mucosal immunity to extracellular bacteria, and preservation of this subset may support gut mucosal immune recovery. However, this possibility has not yet been evaluated in HIV-1-infected long-term nonprogressors (LTNPs), who maintain high CD4\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T cell counts and suppress viral replication in the absence of antiretroviral therapy. In this study, we evaluated the immunophenotype and function of CD4\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T cells in peripheral blood and gut mucosa of HIV-uninfected controls, LTNPs, and HIV-1-infected individuals treated with prolonged antiretroviral therapy (ART) (VL [viral load]&lt;50). We found that LTNPs have intact CD4\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T cell populations, including Th17 and cycling subsets, in the gut mucosa and a preserved T cell population expressing gut homing molecules in the peripheral blood. In addition, we observed no evidence of higher monocyte activation in LTNPs than in HIV-infected (HIV\n            <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n            ) controls. These data suggest that, similar to nonpathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection, LTNPs preserve the balance of CD4\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T cell populations in blood and gut mucosa, which may contribute to the lack of disease progression observed in these patients.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.02643-10","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,7]],"date-time":"2011-04-07T12:45:22Z","timestamp":1302180322000},"page":"5880-5888","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":86,"title":["CD4\n            <sup>+<\/sup>\n            T Cells, Including Th17 and Cycling Subsets, Are Intact in the Gut Mucosa of HIV-1-Infected Long-Term Nonprogressors"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Emily J.","family":"Ciccone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratories of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamieson H.","family":"Greenwald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratories of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892"},{"name":"Present address: New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip I.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratories of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ang\u00e9lique","family":"Biancotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section on Intercellular Interactions, National Institute of Child Health and Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892"},{"name":"Present address: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah W.","family":"Read","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Host Defenses, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica N.","family":"Hodge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratories of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892"},{"name":"Present address: Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William L.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratories of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen B.","family":"Kovacs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratories of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892"},{"name":"Present address: Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheryl L.","family":"Chairez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratories of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen A.","family":"Migueles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratories of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph A.","family":"Kovacs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Critical Care Medicine Department, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonid B.","family":"Margolis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section on Intercellular Interactions, National Institute of Child Health and Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irini","family":"Sereti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratories of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1566"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.03.022"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.7.4470"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-12-4818"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-05-159301"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1511"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20040874"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","first-page":"205","article-title":"Enteric bacteria, lipopolysaccharides and related cytokines in inflammatory bowel disease: biological and clinical significance","volume":"6","author":"Caradonna L.","year":"2000","unstructured":"CaradonnaL. . 2000. Enteric bacteria, lipopolysaccharides and related cytokines in inflammatory bowel disease: biological and clinical significance. J. Endotoxin Res. 6:205\u2013214.","journal-title":"J. Endotoxin Res."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2008.14"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2009.129"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","volume-title":"Prog. Abstr. 14th Conf. Retroviruses Opportun. Infect.","author":"Connick E.","year":"2007","unstructured":"ConnickE. . 2007. Substantial CD4+ T cell recovery and reconstitution of tissue architecture in gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) in advanced HIV-1 infection following initiation of HAART, abstr. 28. Prog. Abstr. 14th Conf. Retroviruses Opportun. Infect., Los Angeles, CA, 25 to 28 February 2007."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/651021"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000295"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-10-182709"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0b013e328329c68c"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.62.7.2874-2884.1994"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.5.2709-2719.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1001801"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.5.3026"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3283199780"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.21.11708-11717.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00120-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/524143"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2009.90"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-4141(199904)29:04<1202::AID-IMMU1202>3.0.CO;2-O"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/598953"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03513"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1993.tb03419.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2008.35"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.5.3119"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3283112d29"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03501"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20041196"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.925"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni845"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0707449"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/652749"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","first-page":"36","article-title":"Mucosal immune dysfunction in AIDS pathogenesis","volume":"10","author":"Paiardini M.","year":"2008","unstructured":"PaiardiniM. FrankI. PandreaI. ApetreiC. SilvestriG.. 2008. Mucosal immune dysfunction in AIDS pathogenesis. AIDS Rev. 10:36\u201346.","journal-title":"AIDS Rev."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3283344895"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1743"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32833ac623"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0503463102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.37.4.524"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200109280-00004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2009.104"}],"container-title":["Journal of Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JVI.02643-10","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JVI.02643-10","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T16:07:52Z","timestamp":1646496472000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/JVI.02643-10"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,15]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/JVI.02643-10"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jvi.02643-10","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-538X","1098-5514"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-538X","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5514","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2010-12-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2011-03-29","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2011-05-19","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}