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A mumps vaccination program implemented since the 1960s reduced mumps incidence by more than 99% and kept the mumps case numbers as low as hundreds of cases per year in the United States before 2006. However, a large mumps outbreak occurred in vaccinated populations in 2006 and again in 2009 in the United States, raising concerns about the efficacy of the vaccination program. Previously, we have shown that clinical isolate-based recombinant mumps viruses lacking expression of either the V protein (rMuV\u0394V) or the SH protein (rMuV\u0394SH) are attenuated in a neurovirulence test using newborn rat brains (P. Xu et al., Virology 417:126\u2013136, 2011,<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.virol.2011.05.003\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.virol.2011.05.003<\/jats:ext-link>; P. Xu et al., J. Virol. 86:1768\u20131776, 2012,<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/JVI.06019-11\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/JVI.06019-11<\/jats:ext-link>) and may be good candidates for vaccine development. In this study, we examined immunity induced by rMuV\u0394SH and rMuV\u0394V in mice. Furthermore, we generated recombinant mumps viruses lacking expression of both the V protein and the SH protein (rMuV\u0394SH\u0394V). Analysis of rMuV\u0394SH\u0394V indicated that it was stable in tissue culture cell lines. Importantly, rMuV\u0394SH\u0394V was immunogenic in mice, indicating that it is a promising candidate for mumps vaccine development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.02778-13","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,19]],"date-time":"2013-12-19T07:25:34Z","timestamp":1387437934000},"page":"2600-2610","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Immunogenicity of Novel Mumps Vaccine Candidates Generated by Genetic Modification"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Pei","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA"},{"name":"Intercollege Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenhai","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shannon","family":"Phan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Pickar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biao","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-123-31599"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","first-page":"196","article-title":"Clinical trial of new attenuated mumps virus vaccine (Jeryl Lynn strain): preliminary report","volume":"3","author":"Pagano JS","year":"1967","unstructured":"PaganoJSLevineRHSuggWCFingerJA. 1967. 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