{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:43:18Z","timestamp":1791420198335,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,1]],"date-time":"2013-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1362096000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Infection by HIV-1 most often results from the successful transmission and propagation of a single virus variant, termed the transmitted\/founder (T\/F) virus. Here, we compared the attachment and entry properties of envelope (Env) glycoproteins from T\/F and chronic control (CC) viruses. Using a panel of 40 T\/F and 47 CC Envs, all derived by single genome amplification, we found that 52% of clade C and B CC Envs exhibited partial resistance to the CCR5 antagonist maraviroc (MVC) on cells expressing high levels of CCR5, while only 15% of T\/F Envs exhibited this same property. Moreover, subtle differences in the magnitude with which MVC inhibited infection on cells expressing low levels of CCR5, including primary CD4\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T cells, were highly predictive of MVC resistance when CCR5 expression levels were high. These results are consistent with previous observations showing a greater sensitivity of T\/F Envs to MVC inhibition on cells expressing very high levels of CCR5 and indicate that CC Envs are often capable of recognizing MVC-bound CCR5, albeit inefficiently on cells expressing physiologic levels of CCR5. When CCR5 expression levels are high, this phenotype becomes readily detectable. The utilization of drug-bound CCR5 conformations by many CC Envs was seen with other CCR5 antagonists, with replication-competent viruses, and did not obviously correlate with other phenotypic traits. The striking ability of clade C and B CC Envs to use MVC-bound CCR5 relative to T\/F Envs argues that the more promiscuous use of CCR5 by these Env proteins is selected against at the level of virus transmission and is selected for during chronic infection.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.02964-12","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,27]],"date-time":"2012-12-27T01:35:08Z","timestamp":1356572108000},"page":"2401-2411","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Transmitted\/Founder and Chronic HIV-1 Envelope Proteins Are Distinguished by Differential Utilization of CCR5"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Zahra F.","family":"Parker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shilpa S.","family":"Iyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig B.","family":"Wilen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas F.","family":"Parrish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 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USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reem","family":"Berro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Per Johan","family":"Klasse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benhur","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John P.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, 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