{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T23:23:49Z","timestamp":1791501829673,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,15]],"date-time":"2015-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1423958400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a well-established B-cell-tropic virus associated with various lymphoproliferative diseases of both B-cell and non-B-cell origin. EBV is associated with a number of T-cell lymphomas; however,\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    studies utilizing prototypical EBV type 1 (EBV-1) laboratory strains have generally failed to readily infect mature T cells in culture. The difficulties in performing\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    T-cell experiments have left questions regarding the role of EBV in the pathogenesis of EBV-positive T-cell lymphoproliferative diseases largely unresolved. We report here that the EBV type 2 (EBV-2) strain displays a unique cell tropism for T cells. In remarkable contrast to EBV-1, EBV-2 readily infects primary T cells\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    , demonstrating a propensity for CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells. EBV-2 infection of purified T cells results in expression of latency genes and ultimately leads to T-cell activation, substantial proliferation, and profound alteration of cytokine expression. The pattern of cytokine production is strikingly skewed toward chemokines with roles in lymphocyte migration, demonstrating that EBV-2 has the ability to modulate normal T-cell processes. Collectively, these novel findings identify a previously unknown cell population potentially utilized by EBV-2 to establish latency and lay the foundation for further studies to elucidate the role of EBV in the pathogenesis of T-cell lymphoproliferative diseases.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>IMPORTANCE<\/jats:bold>\n                    The ability of EBV to infect T cells is made apparent by its association with a variety of T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. However, studies to elucidate the pathogenic role of EBV in these diseases have been limited by the inability to conduct\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    T-cell infection experiments. Here, we report that EBV-2 isolates, compromised in the capacity to immortalize B cells, infect CD3\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells\n                    <jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    and propose a working model of EBV-2 persistence where alteration of T-cell functions resulting from EBV-2 infection enhances the establishment of latency in B cells. If indeed EBV-2 utilizes T cells to establish a persistent infection, this could provide one mechanism for the association of EBV with T-cell lymphomas. The novel finding that EBV-2 infects T cells in culture will provide a model to understand the role EBV plays in the development of T-cell lymphomas.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.03001-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,10]],"date-time":"2014-12-10T23:39:14Z","timestamp":1418254754000},"page":"2301-2312","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["Epstein-Barr Virus Type 2 Latently Infects T Cells, Inducing an Atypical Activation Characterized by Expression of Lymphotactic Cytokines"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Carrie B.","family":"Coleman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric M.","family":"Wohlford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas A.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine A.","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie A.","family":"Ritchie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul C.","family":"Baresel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosemary","family":"Rochford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.12322"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1040-8428(02)00119-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.142.5.587"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ped.12314"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-11-316745"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2012.02305.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cup.12066"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.67.10.6303-6308.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V89.12.4521"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.81.23.7632"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.63.3.1031-1039.1989"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0042-6822(89)90608-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.64.9.4084-4092.1990"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2006.01.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(00)88891-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.61.5.1310-1317.1987"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002164"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00223-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra032015"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-68-11-2853"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","first-page":"875","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus genotypes in AIDS-associated lymphomas are similar to those in endemic Burkitt's lymphomas","volume":"6","author":"Goldschmidts WL","year":"1992","unstructured":"Goldschmidts WL, Bhatia K, Johnson JF, Akar N, Guti\u00e9rrez MI, Shibata D, Carolan M, Levine A, Magrath IT. 1992. 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