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This has spurred much fundamental research into the replication of the virus. In this review, we discuss recent work identifying host cell factors which regulate the synthesis of EV71 RNA and proteins. Three of these proteins, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNP A1), far-upstream element-binding protein 2 (FBP2), and FBP1 are nuclear proteins which in EV71-infected cells are relocalized to the cytoplasm, and they influence EV71 internal ribosome entry site (IRES) activity. hnRNP A1 stimulates IRES activity but can be replaced by hnRNP A2. FBP2 is a negative regulatory factor with respect to EV71 IRES activity, whereas FBP1 has the opposite effect. Two other proteins, hnRNP K and reticulon 3, are required for the efficient synthesis of viral RNA. The cleavage stimulation factor 64K subunit (CstF-64) is a host protein that is involved in the 3\u2032 polyadenylation of cellular pre-mRNAs, and recent work suggests that in EV71-infected cells, it may be cleaved by the EV71 3C protease. Such a cleavage would impair the processing of pre-mRNA to mature mRNAs. Host cell proteins play an important role in the replication of EV71, but much work remains to be done in order to understand how they act.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.05063-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,30]],"date-time":"2011-06-30T02:26:26Z","timestamp":1309400786000},"page":"9658-9666","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":113,"title":["Host Factors in Enterovirus 71 Replication"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Shin-Ru","family":"Shih","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan Tao-Yuan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Stollar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics, Microbiology &amp; Immunology, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854"},{"name":"The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei-Ling","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics, Microbiology &amp; Immunology, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1501.080264"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/169.4.905"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1261\/rna.469707"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/12.18.7251"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2008.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/23.18.3656"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.17.7864-7871.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.12.9969-9975.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.23.11322-11328.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2007.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e07-06-0603"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg775"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/104454901317094981"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2777"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.7.2.14197"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2007.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01950-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/20375"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.11.21.2755"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.49.31679"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0900153106"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-4-70"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1210723"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.62.070193.001445"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.8.4.465"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","first-page":"721","article-title":"Protein chemical identification and characterization of the human variants of far upstream element binding protein in medulloblastoma DAOY cell line","volume":"29","author":"Engidawork E.","year":"2006","unstructured":"EngidaworkE. 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