{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T02:49:10Z","timestamp":1779245350705,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,15]],"date-time":"2011-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1321315200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although cellular immunity to acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection has been well characterized in experimental studies in mice, the T cell response to this virus in humans is incompletely understood. Thus, we analyzed the breadths, magnitudes, and differentiation phenotypes of memory LCMV-specific CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>and CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells in three human donors displaying a variety of disease outcomes after accidental needle stick injury or exposure to LCMV. Although only a small cohort of donors was analyzed at a single time point postinfection, several interesting observations were made. First, we were able to detect LCMV-specific CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>and CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cell responses directly<jats:italic>ex vivo<\/jats:italic>at 4 to 8 years after exposure, demonstrating the longevity of T cell memory in humans. Second, unlike in murine models of LCMV infection, we found that the breadths of memory CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>and CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cell responses were not significantly different from one another. Third, it seemed that the overall CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cell response was augmented with increasing severity of disease, while the LCMV-specific CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cell response magnitude was highly variable between the three different donors. Next, we found that LCMV-specific CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells in the three donors analyzed seemed to undergo an effector memory differentiation program distinct from that of CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells. Finally, the levels of expression of memory, costimulatory, and inhibitory receptors on CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>and CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cell subsets, in some instances, correlated with disease outcome. These data demonstrate for the first time LCMV-specific CD8<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>and CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>T cells in infected humans and begin to provide new insights into memory T cell responses following an acute virus infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.05477-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,8]],"date-time":"2011-09-08T04:56:37Z","timestamp":1315457797000},"page":"11770-11780","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Human CD8<sup>+<\/sup>and CD4<sup>+<\/sup>T Cell Memory to Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Infection"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Maya F.","family":"Kotturi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pfizer Inc., Vaccine Research West, 10777 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Justine A.","family":"Swann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, California, 92037"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bjoern","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, California, 92037"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cecilia Lindestam","family":"Arlehamn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, California, 92037"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Sidney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, California, 92037"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ravi V.","family":"Kolla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, California, 92037"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eddie A.","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, 1201 Ninth Ave., Seattle, Washington 98101-2795"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rama S.","family":"Akondy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Vaccine Center and the Hope Clinic and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30022"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafi","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory Vaccine Center and the Hope Clinic and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30022"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William W.","family":"Kwok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, 1201 Ninth Ave., Seattle, Washington 98101-2795"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Buchmeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry and Division of Infectious Disease, University of California, 3205 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, California 92697-3900"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Sette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, California, 92037"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0803903"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0402-379"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04444"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200424898"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.3.e35"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2002.126297"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1679"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.80.7.3532-3540.2006"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21161"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02063-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0030144"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35065118"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2009.03070.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200318509"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.8.3928"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00435-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1174182"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-3542(87)90017-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa053240"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1172815"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.10.5926"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.21.10249-10255.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2005.02135.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/90950"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1009"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/369031a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.188.12.2199"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01173-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.5.3297"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-7580-5-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000695"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02632-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.3.2124"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200425828"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.8.5490"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.13.7284-7287.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.32.9.1304"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.02.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm887"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.6.3821"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1215"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80470-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506768102"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20062363"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.200500387"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3840","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.7.3840","article-title":"Chemokine receptor responses on T cells are achieved through regulation of both receptor expression and signaling","volume":"162","author":"Rabin R. L.","year":"1999","unstructured":"RabinR. L.. 1999. Chemokine receptor responses on T cells are achieved through regulation of both receptor expression and signaling. J. Immunol. 162: 3840\u20133850.","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20042408"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.22.012703.104702"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/44385"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.10.6334"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0198-8859(01)00319-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_53_2","volume-title":"Current protocols in immunology","author":"Sidney J.","year":"1998","unstructured":"SidneyJ.. 1998. Measurement of MHC\/peptide interactions by gel filtration, p. 18.13.11-18.13.19. In ColiganJ. E. KruisbeekA. M. MarguliesD. H. ShevachE. M. StroberW. (ed.), Current protocols in immunology. John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-4141(200203)32:3<731::AID-IMMU731>3.0.CO;2-H"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1759(02)00328-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2006.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20011255"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-02-0449"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.70.2.1072-1079.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.23.10854"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1000048"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1175194"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkn254"}],"container-title":["Journal of Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JVI.05477-11","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JVI.05477-11","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]],"date-time":"2023-06-09T08:06:37Z","timestamp":1686297997000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/JVI.05477-11"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,15]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"22","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/JVI.05477-11"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jvi.05477-11","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-538X","1098-5514"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-538X","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5514","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2011-06-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2011-08-22","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2011-10-20","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}