{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T05:26:42Z","timestamp":1789709202913,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,1]],"date-time":"2012-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1341100800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            Egress of wrapped virus (WV) to the cell periphery following vaccinia virus (VACV) replication is dependent on interactions with the microtubule motor complex kinesin-1 and is mediated by the viral envelope protein A36. Here we report that ectromelia virus (ECTV), a related orthopoxvirus and the causative agent of mousepox, encodes an A36 homologue (ECTV-Mos-142) that is highly conserved despite a large truncation at the C terminus. Deleting the ECTV A36R gene leads to a reduction in the number of extracellular viruses formed and to a reduced plaque size, consistent with a role in microtubule transport. We also observed a complete loss of virus-associated actin comets, another phenotype dependent on A36 expression during VACV infection. ECTV \u0394A36R was severely attenuated when used to infect the normally susceptible BALB\/c mouse strain. ECTV \u0394A36R replication and spread from the draining lymph nodes to the liver and spleen were significantly reduced in BALB\/c mice and in Rag-1-deficient mice, which lack T and B lymphocytes. The dramatic reduction in ECTV \u0394A36R titers early during the course of infection was not associated with an augmented immune response. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the critical role that subcellular transport pathways play not only in orthopoxvirus infection in an\n            <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n            context but also during orthopoxvirus pathogenesis in a natural host. Furthermore, despite the attenuation of the mutant virus, we found that infection nonetheless induced protective immunity in mice, suggesting that orthopoxvirus vectors with A36 deletions may be considered another safe vaccine alternative.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.06636-11","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,26]],"date-time":"2012-04-26T00:16:40Z","timestamp":1335399400000},"page":"7427-7443","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Loss of Cytoskeletal Transport during Egress Critically Attenuates Ectromelia Virus Infection\n            <i>In Vivo<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Helena","family":"Lynn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacquelyn","family":"Horsington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee Kuan","family":"Ter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuyi","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yee Lian","family":"Chew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell J.","family":"Diefenbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Virus Research, The Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Way","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research UK, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratories, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geeta","family":"Chaudhri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunasegaran","family":"Karupiah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy P.","family":"Newsome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2007.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4149\/av_2010_01_41"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/153567600400900103"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-4-76"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2144\/97236st07"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00116-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0402949101"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6822(03)00520-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/378636a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.21.10259-10271.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.24.11608-11618.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.560"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1183173"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2009.01296.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2011.326"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2011.283"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2009.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2005.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-006-0791-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1261"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1993.1302"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422X-6-151"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.81090-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0040030"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(99)80020-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/44860"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-82-11-2747"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1133348"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.embor.embor823"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.81260-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200104124"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.2.1503-1517.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M410583200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01364-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.70.12.8301-8309.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.79863-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.70.1.272-281.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(92)90030-G"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35017080"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000785"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/smim.2000.0296"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1101509"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2005.00613.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201001162"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.icb.7100118"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0505180102"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00115-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02061-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2008.11.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1994.1542"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-001-0777-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000991"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1265"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01814-10"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1220"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1101-992"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2008.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_60_2","unstructured":"Reference deleted."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.73.4.2863-2875.1999"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01927-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_63_2","first-page":"47","article-title":"The vaccinia virus A27L protein is needed for the microtubule-dependent transport of intracellular mature virus particles","volume":"81","author":"Sanderson CM","year":"2000","unstructured":"SandersonCM HollinsheadM SmithGL. 2000. The vaccinia virus A27L protein is needed for the microtubule-dependent transport of intracellular mature virus particles. J. Gen. Virol. 81:47\u201358.","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000332"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(02)00812-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2007.00927.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.21.120601.141049"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1997.tb01012.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1001-897"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842X(00)01824-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2574"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-83-8-1977"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-83-1-195"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.2000.0260"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.78.5.2486-2493.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.23.11651-11663.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.75.10.4802-4813.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07773"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2007.11.036"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20071854"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01275-06"}],"container-title":["Journal of Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JVI.06636-11","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JVI.06636-11","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,5]],"date-time":"2022-03-05T15:12:02Z","timestamp":1646493122000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/JVI.06636-11"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/JVI.06636-11"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jvi.06636-11","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-538X","1098-5514"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-538X","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5514","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2011-10-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2012-03-30","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2012-06-07","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}