{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T10:19:18Z","timestamp":1758709158146},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,9,1]],"date-time":"2000-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":967766400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The envelope (\n            <jats:italic>env<\/jats:italic>\n            ) glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) determines several viral properties (e.g., coreceptor usage, cell tropism, and cytopathicity) and is a major target of antiviral immune responses. Most investigations on\n            <jats:italic>env<\/jats:italic>\n            have been conducted on subtype-B viral strains, prevalent in North America and Europe. Our study aimed to analyze\n            <jats:italic>env<\/jats:italic>\n            genes of subtype-E viral strains, prevalent in Asia and Africa, with a nonhuman primate model for lentivirus infection and AIDS. To this end, we constructed a simian immunodeficiency virus\/HIV-1 subtype-E (SHIV) recombinant clone by replacing the\n            <jats:italic>env<\/jats:italic>\n            ectodomain of the SHIV-33 clone with the\n            <jats:italic>env<\/jats:italic>\n            ectodomain from the subtype-E strain HIV-1\n            <jats:sub>CAR402<\/jats:sub>\n            , which was isolated from an individual in the Central African Republic. Virus from this recombinant clone, designated SHIV-E-CAR, replicated efficiently in macaque peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Accordingly, juvenile macaques were inoculated with cell-free SHIV-E-CAR by the intravenous or intravaginal route; virus replicated in these animals but did not produce hematological abnormalities. In an attempt to elicit the pathogenic potential of the recombinant clone, we serially passaged this viral clone via transfusion of blood and bone marrow through juvenile macaques to produce SHIV-E-P4 (fourth-passage virus). The serially passaged virus established productive infection and CD4\n            <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n            T-cell depletion in juvenile macaques inoculated by either the intravenous or the intravaginal route. Determination of the coreceptor usage of SHIV-E-CAR and serially passaged SHIV-E-P4 indicated that both of these viruses utilized CXCR4 as a coreceptor. In summary, the serially passaged SHIV subtype-E chimeric virus will be important for studies aimed at developing a nonhuman primate model for analyzing the functions of subtype-E\n            <jats:italic>env<\/jats:italic>\n            genes in viral transmission and pathogenesis and for vaccine challenge experiments with macaques immunized with HIV-1\n            <jats:italic>env<\/jats:italic>\n            antigens.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.74.17.7851-7860.2000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T09:58:35Z","timestamp":1027763915000},"page":"7851-7860","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Containing a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype-E Envelope Gene: Persistent Infection, CD4\n            <sup>+<\/sup>\n            T-Cell Depletion, and Mucosal Membrane Transmission in Macaques"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Sunee","family":"Himathongkham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nancy S.","family":"Halpin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinling","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael W.","family":"Stout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul A.","family":"Luciw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis, California 95616"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.71.8.6094-6099.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)92900-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.1997.13.583"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","first-page":"43","article-title":"HIV-1 subtypes in Russia in 1987\u20131988","volume":"71","author":"Bobkov A. 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