{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T18:41:46Z","timestamp":1777056106933,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,2,1]],"date-time":"2000-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":949363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>\n            The existence of novel endogenous retrovirus elements in the chicken genome, designated EAV-HP, with close sequence identity to the\n            <jats:italic>env<\/jats:italic>\n            gene of avian leukosis virus (ALV) subgroup J has been reported (L. M. Smith, A. A. Toye, K. Howes, N. Bumstead, L. N. Payne, and K. Venugopal, J. Gen. Virol. 80:261\u2013268, 1999). To resolve the genome structure of these retroviral elements, we have determined the complete sequence of two proviral clones of EAV-HP from a line N chicken genomic DNA yeast artificial chromosome library and from a meat-type chicken line 21 lambda library. The EAV-HP sequences from the two lines were 98% identical and had a typical provirus structure. The two EAV-HP clones showed identical large deletions spanning part of the\n            <jats:italic>gag<\/jats:italic>\n            , the entire\n            <jats:italic>pol<\/jats:italic>\n            , and part of the\n            <jats:italic>env<\/jats:italic>\n            genes. The\n            <jats:italic>env<\/jats:italic>\n            region of the EAV-HP clones was 97% identical to the\n            <jats:italic>env<\/jats:italic>\n            sequence of HPRS-103, the prototype subgroup J ALV. The 5\u2032 region of EAV-HP comprising the R and U5 regions of the long terminal repeat (LTR), the untranslated leader, and the 5\u2032 end of the putative\n            <jats:italic>gag<\/jats:italic>\n            region were 97% identical to the avian retrotransposon sequence, ART-CH. The remaining\n            <jats:italic>gag<\/jats:italic>\n            sequence shared less than 60% identity with other ALV sequences. The U3 region of the LTR was distinct from those of other retroviruses but contained some of the conserved motifs required for functioning as a promoter. To examine the ability of this endogenous retroviral LTR to function as a transcriptional promoter, the EAV-HP and HPRS-103 LTR U3 regions were compared in a luciferase reporter gene assay. The low luciferase activity detected with the EAV-HP LTR U3 constructs, at levels close to those observed for a control vector lacking the promoter or enhancer elements, suggested that these elements function as a weak promoter, possibly accounting for their low expression levels in chicken embryos.\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.74.3.1296-1306.2000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T10:06:37Z","timestamp":1027764397000},"page":"1296-1306","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Avian Endogenous Retrovirus EAV-HP Shares Regions of Identity with Avian Leukosis Virus Subgroup J and the Avian Retrotransposon ART-CH"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"M. A.","family":"Sacco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Institute for Animal Health, Compton, Newbury, Berkshire RG20 7NN, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. M. J.","family":"Flannery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Institute for Animal Health, Compton, Newbury, Berkshire RG20 7NN, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Howes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Institute for Animal Health, Compton, Newbury, Berkshire RG20 7NN, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Venugopal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Institute for Animal Health, Compton, Newbury, Berkshire RG20 7NN, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mcb.8.8.2989-2998.1988"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)32378-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-76-8-1917"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/282339a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","unstructured":"Ausubel\nF. 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