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Substance P (SP), a tachykinin neuropeptide, has been associated with neurogenic inflammation and asthma; therefore, we chose to examine SP-induced inflammation with RSV infection. In this study, we examined the production of pulmonary SP associated with RSV infection of BALB\/c mice and the effect of anti-SP F(ab)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>antibodies on the pulmonary inflammatory response. The peak production of pulmonary SP occurred between days 3 and 5 following primary RSV infection and day 1 after secondary infection. Treatment of RSV-infected mice with anti-SP F(ab)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>antibodies suggested that SP may alter the natural killer cell response to primary and secondary infection. In mice challenged after formalin-inactivated RSV vaccination, SP appears to markedly enhance pulmonary eosinophilia as well as increase polymorphonuclear cell trafficking to the lung. Based on studies with a strain of RSV that lacks the G and SH genes, the SP response to RSV infection appears to be associated with G and\/or SH protein expression. These data suggest that SP may be an important contributor to the inflammatory response to RSV infection and that anti-SP F(ab)<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>antibodies might be used to ameliorate RSV-associated disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.74.4.1614-1622.2000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T10:06:37Z","timestamp":1027764397000},"page":"1614-1622","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection and G and\/or SH Protein Expression Contribute to Substance P, Which Mediates Inflammation and Enhanced Pulmonary Disease in BALB\/c Mice"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Ralph A.","family":"Tripp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center of Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center of Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorn","family":"Winter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center of Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Larry J.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center of Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_1_2_2","first-page":"120","article-title":"Inhibition of murine intestinal inflammation by anti-substance P antibody","volume":"5","author":"Agro A.","year":"1993","unstructured":"Agro A. 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