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The inability to generate sufficient effector CTL for other cross-reacting viruses that fail to cause IDDM could be mapped to point mutations in the CTL epitope or its COO<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>flanking region. These data indicate that IDDM and likely other autoimmune diseases are caused by a quantifiable number of T cells, that neither standard epidemiologic markers nor molecular analysis with nucleic acid probes reliably distinguishes between viruses that do or do not cause diabetes, and that a single-amino-acid change flanking a CTL epitope can interfere with antigen presentation and development of autoimmune disease in vivo.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.74.7.3284-3292.2000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T10:06:37Z","timestamp":1027764397000},"page":"3284-3292","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Virus-Induced Diabetes in a Transgenic Model: Role of Cross-Reacting Viruses and Quantitation of Effector T Cells Needed To Cause Disease"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Noemi","family":"Sevilla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Division of Virology, Department of Neuropharmacology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Homann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Division of Virology, Department of Neuropharmacology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"von Herrath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Division of Virology, Department of Neuropharmacology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Division of Virology, Department of Neuropharmacology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Harkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Division of Virology, Department of Neuropharmacology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. 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