{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T22:59:56Z","timestamp":1771455596087,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,4,15]],"date-time":"2000-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":955756800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/non-commercial-tdm-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.asm.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Virol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,4,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Viral infections which induce strong T-cell responses are often characterized by a period of transient immunodeficiency associated with the failure of host T cells to proliferate in response to mitogens or to mount memory recall responses to other antigens. During acute infections, most of the activated, proliferating virus-specific T cells are sensitized to undergo apoptosis on strong T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulation, but it has not been known why memory T cells not specific for the virus fail to proliferate on exposure to their cognate antigen. Using a lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection model in which LCMV-immune Thy 1.1<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>splenocytes are adoptively transferred into Thy 1.2<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>LCMV carrier mice, we demonstrate here that T cells clearly defined as not specific for the virus are sensitized to undergo activation-induced cell death on TCR stimulation in vitro. This bystander sensitization was in part dependent on the expression of Fas ligand (FasL) on the activated virus-specific cells and gamma interferon (IFN-\u03b3) receptor expression on the bystander T cells. We propose that FasL from highly activated antiviral T cells may sensitize IFN-\u03b3-conditioned T cells not specific for the virus to undergo apoptosis rather than to proliferate on encountering antigen. This may in part explain the failure of memory T cells to respond to recall antigens during acute and persistent viral infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.74.8.3650-3658.2000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T09:58:35Z","timestamp":1027763915000},"page":"3650-3658","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Bystander Sensitization to Activation-Induced Cell Death as a Mechanism of Virus-Induced Immune Suppression"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Christopher C.","family":"Zarozinski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James M.","family":"McNally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara L.","family":"Lohman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keith A.","family":"Daniels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raymond M.","family":"Welsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.178.2.427"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2496","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.127.6.2496","article-title":"A monoclonal antibody discriminating between subsets of T and B cells","volume":"127","author":"Bruce J.","year":"1981","unstructured":"Bruce J. Symington F. W. McKearn T. J. Sprent J. A monoclonal antibody discriminating between subsets of T and B cells.J. Immunol. 127 1981 2496 2501","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.185.7.1241"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0295-129"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.186.6.813"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.186.6.801"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.175.2.331"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830200514"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.160.6.1717"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.117.3.1004","article-title":"Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-induced immunosuppression: a virus-induced macrophage defect","volume":"117","author":"Jacobs R. P.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Jacobs R. P. Cole G. A. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-induced immunosuppression: a virus-induced macrophage defect.J. Immunol. 117 1976 1004 1009","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.7.2265"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3521","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.147.10.3521","article-title":"Abrogation of tolerance to a chronic viral infection","volume":"147","author":"Jamieson B. D.","year":"1991","unstructured":"Jamieson B. D. Somasundaram T. Ahmed R. Abrogation of tolerance to a chronic viral infection.J. Immunol. 147 1991 3521 3529","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.273.5272.228"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.66.5.3155-3160.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/353858a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/smim.1996.0050"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.153.1.412","article-title":"Anergy and apoptosis in CD8+ T cells from HIV-infected persons","volume":"153","author":"Lewis D. E.","year":"1994","unstructured":"Lewis D. E. Ng Tang D. S. Adu-Oppong A. Schober W. Rodgers J. R. Anergy and apoptosis in CD8+ T cells from HIV-infected persons.J. Immunol. 153 1994 412 420","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.172.6.1735"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.10.7815-7821.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1074-7613(94)90106-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1352911"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8009221"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(00)80470-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_25_2","first-page":"79","article-title":"Lymphocyte apoptosis during the silencing of the immune response to acute viral infections in normal, lpr, and Bcl-2-transgenic mice","volume":"147","author":"Razvi E. S.","year":"1995","unstructured":"Razvi E. S. Jiang Z. Woda B. A. Welsh R. M. Lymphocyte apoptosis during the silencing of the immune response to acute viral infections in normal, lpr, and Bcl-2-transgenic mice.Am. J. Pathol. 147 1995 79 91","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"e_1_3_2_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.67.10.5754-5765.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1900951"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/8.6.850"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.64.9.4076-4083.1990"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.179.6.1933"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.183.6.2489"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90375-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.272.5270.1947"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI114698"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.184.6.2109"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1135624"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/356314a0"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1460-2075.1995.tb06970.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.185.9.1629"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.117.5_Part_1.1495","article-title":"H-2 compatibility requirement for virus-specific T cell-mediated effector functions in vivo. I. Specificity of T cells conferring antiviral protection against lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus is associated with H-2K and H-2D","volume":"117","author":"Zinkernagel R. M.","year":"1976","unstructured":"Zinkernagel R. M. Welsh R. M. H-2 compatibility requirement for virus-specific T cell-mediated effector functions in vivo. I. Specificity of T cells conferring antiviral protection against lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus is associated with H-2K and H-2D.J. Immunol. 117 1976 1495 1502","journal-title":"J. Immunol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JVI.74.8.3650-3658.2000","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.1128\/JVI.74.8.3650-3658.2000","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,23]],"date-time":"2023-04-23T15:05:11Z","timestamp":1682262311000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.asm.org\/doi\/10.1128\/JVI.74.8.3650-3658.2000"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,4,15]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,4,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1128\/JVI.74.8.3650-3658.2000"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jvi.74.8.3650-3658.2000","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-538X","1098-5514"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-538X","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-5514","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,4,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1999-10-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2000-01-18","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2000-04-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}