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We tested the efficacy of different strains of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV1-BaL, HIV1-JRFL, and HIV1-631) to induce IDO in cultured human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM). A significant increase in both IDO protein and kynurenine synthesis was observed after 48 h in MDM infected with the brain-derived HIV-1 isolates, laboratory-adapted (LA) HIV1-JRFL, and primary isolate HIV1-631. In contrast, almost no kynurenine production or IDO protein was evident in MDM infected with the highly replicating macrophage-tropic LA strain HIV1-BaL. The induction of IDO and kynurenine synthesis by HIV1-JRFL and HIV1-631 declined to baseline levels by day 8 postinfection. Abundant HIV-1 replication did not reduce the ability of exogenous gamma interferon (IFN-\u03b3) to induce IDO and kynurenine synthesis in HIV-infected MDM. The addition of anti-IFN-\u03b3 antibody to MDM infected with HIV1-JRFL resulted in an absence of detectable IDO protein after 48 h and a decrease of 64% \u00b1 1% in supernatant kynurenine concentration. Together, these results indicate that only selected strains of HIV-1 are capable of inducing IDO synthesis and subsequent kynurenine metabolism in MDM. The induction of IDO, while apparently independent of replication capacity, appears to be mediated by a transient production of IFN-\u03b3 in MDM responding to the initial infection with selected strains of HIV-1.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.74.9.4110-4115.2000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,7,27]],"date-time":"2002-07-27T10:06:37Z","timestamp":1027764397000},"page":"4110-4115","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/asmj-crossmark-policy-page","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Induction of Indolamine 2,3-Dioxygenase in Primary Human Macrophages by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Is Strain Dependent"],"prefix":"10.1128","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Ross S.","family":"Grant","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->School of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052,1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hassan","family":"Naif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Centre for Virus Research, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead 2145,2 and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sophie J.","family":"Thuruthyil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->School of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052,1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Najla","family":"Nasr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 2-->Centre for Virus Research, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead 2145,2 and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tamantha","family":"Littlejohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 3-->Australian Cataract Research Foundation, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522,3 New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Osamu","family":"Takikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 3-->Australian Cataract Research Foundation, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522,3 New South Wales, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vimal","family":"Kapoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"<!--label omitted: 1-->School of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052,1"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"235","reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116518"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-0381-7_28"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-6101(98)00015-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1702(94)90044-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/cs9952400401"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13550289509111026"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.181.2.735"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.1995.tb01048.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_2_10_2","first-page":"429","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of the nervous system: pathogenic mechanisms","volume":"33","author":"Epstein L. 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